6 Kingdoms of Life on Earth

Learning Objectives for this Lesson Learning Goals Minds ON Yesterday at a glace Terms related to the Kingdoms of Life The Kingdoms Stations Wrap Up

Learning Goals We are / will be learning to… Analyze the risks and benefits of human intervention (e.g. pesticide use, fish stocking, tree planting, etc.) Analyze how climate change could impact the diversity of living things (e.g. Global warming, increase in precipitation) Become familiar with terms such as: species diversity, structural diversity, bacteria, fungi, binomial nomenclature, morphology Classify, apply, and draw dichotomous keys to identify and classify organisms according to kingdom Explain concepts of taxonomic rank such as genus, species and taxon Compare/contrast characteristics of prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses Compare/contrast anatomical and physiological characteristics of organisms representative of each kingdom Explain structural and functional changes of organisms as they have evolved over time Explain why biodiversity is important for maintaining viable ecosystems

Minds ON Let’s Play a Game We need to create a socially acceptable system for classifying ourselves. Brainstorm different types of structural classifications (1 main type with 3 subtypes). Possible choices are eye colour, hair colour, height, clothes* All students stand up and get placed in groups. How does this work?

Yesterday’s Recap Linnaean System of Classification: A system of classification that groups organisms on the basis of their structural similarities (taxonomy). Binomial nomenclature: Refers to the scientific name of a species (genus + species) Taxonomic Levels: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species (Kingdom = Broad, Species = Specific).

Terms Related to the Six Kingdoms of Life Prokaryote: Single-celled organism that lacks a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. Eukaryote: Organism made of one or more cells that have both a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. Heterotroph: Organism that cannot manufacture its own food, so depends on other organism as food. Autotroph: Organism that makes its own food. Reference Biology 11

Kingdom Archaebacteria Prokaryotic Heterotrophs Live in extreme conditions (e.g. volcanoes, buried in ice, deep sea etc.)

Kingdom Eubacteria Prokaryotic Can be autotrophs (photosynthesize) Can reproduce asexually Bacteria found everywhere (e.g. E. coli)

Kingdom Protista some terrestrial, some aquatic Some have chloroplasts (autotrophs) Most single-celled. reproduce sexually and asexually e.g. Amoeba, Paramecium

Kingdom Fungi Like plants but no photosynthesis Heterotrophs Most multicellular Cell walls not made of cellulose (chitin) Sexual (spores) and asexual (budding) Most terrestrial e.g. Yeasts, moulds, mushrooms

Kingdom Plantae Cell walls contain cellulose Multi-cellular Autotrophs, some are carnivores Sexual and asexual, most both (hermaphrodites) Have chloroplasts e.g. Mosses, ferns, seed plants, shrubs, trees, etc.

Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Heterotrophs Most reproduce sexually Terrestrial and aquatic Includes invertebrates (no backbone) and vertebrates (backbone) e.g. Clam, fish, turtle, cat, human, bird

Survey of the Living World Stations Get into groups Each group will visit a station and make note of the organisms found at each station on Survey of Living World sheet We will take the answers up as a group

Exit Card Two fields are studied in an experiment. Field A has an H’ Value of 3.87 and Field B has an H’ Value of 2.58. Which field is more diverse? Explain your answer briefly.