Other Diseases and Disabilities Chapter 15 Other Diseases and Disabilities Contents Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases Section 3 Understanding Disabilities Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

What Are Hereditary Diseases? Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases Chapter 15 What Are Hereditary Diseases? Hereditary diseases: caused by abnormal chromosomes or inherited defective genes Genes: segments of DNA located on a chromosome code for a specific hereditary traits Mutations: changes to a gene can cause a disease or increase a person’s chances of getting a disease. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Types of Hereditary Diseases Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases Chapter 15 Types of Hereditary Diseases Single-gene diseases occur when a single gene out of the 30,000 to 40,000 genes in the body has a harmful mutation. In complex diseases, more than one gene influences the onset of the disease. Lifestyle behaviors also contribute to complex diseases. Chromosomal diseases wrong number of chromosomes or an incomplete chromosome Down syndrome occurs when a person has 3 copies of the 21st chromosome instead of 2. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Coping with Hereditary Diseases Section 1 Understanding Hereditary Diseases Chapter 15 Coping with Hereditary Diseases Genetic counseling informs a person or couple about their genetic makeup. Understand the chances of passing on a hereditary disease to a child. Keep personal health records and know the records of your family. Stay informed with your disease (helps to cope and live productively with the disease) Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

What Are Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases? Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases Chapter 15 What Are Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases? Immune disorders are the result of the immune system failing to function properly (ex: allergies, asthma) Autoimmune diseases are diseases in which the immune system attacks the cells of the body that the immune system normally protects (ex: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis). Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Types of Immune Disorders Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases Chapter 15 Types of Immune Disorders Allergies are reactions by the immune system to harmless substances. Asthma is an immune disorder in which the airways that carry air into the lungs to become narrow and clogged with mucus. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

ALLERGIES (CAUSES): Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

ASTHMA (SIGNS & SYMPTOMS): Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

ASTHMA (TREATMENT): Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Arthritis: Definition: inflammation of the joints Symptoms: pain Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases Chapter 15 Arthritis: Definition: inflammation of the joints Symptoms: pain Inflammation Treatment: Medication (OTC and/or Rx) Ice Physical Therapy Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Arthritis Chapter 15 Osteoarthritis not an autoimmune disease. Gradual breakdown of cartilage due to old age, injury, or daily activities (wear & tear). Rheumatoid arthritis an autoimmune disease the immune system destroys the lining of the joints.

Rheumatoid arthritis

Traumatic injuries can lead to arthritis

The progression of arthritis

Total knee replacement surgery

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases Chapter 15 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) an autoimmune disease the immune system attacks myelin, the fatty insulation on nerves in the brain and spinal cord (hot dog and bun metaphor) Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Coping with Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases Section 2 Understanding Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases Chapter 15 Coping with Immune Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases If you are diagnosed with an immune disorder or autoimmune disease: Be honest with your doctor. Understand your disorder and your doctor’s treatment plan. Follow the treatment plan. Let your doctor know about new symptoms that develop. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Anatomy of the Eye

Anatomy of the Eye

A. Disabilities that affect vision Chapter 15 A. Disabilities that affect vision Glaucoma increased pressure inside the eye causes impaired vision and eye damage Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Glaucoma Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

A. Disabilities that affect vision Cataract cloudiness of lens causes impaired vision and blindness Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

A. Disabilities that affect vision Chapter 15 A. Disabilities that affect vision Macular degeneration damage to an area of the retina causes impaired vision and blindness Complications from Diabetes Vascular damage to structures within the eye Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Chapter 15 B. Disorders that affect vision The following must be seen and treated by and eye doctor: Corneal Ulcer infection Common with misuse of contact lenses

Corneal Ulcer Disorders that affect vision The following must be seen and treated by and eye doctor: Corneal Ulcer (infection) Common with misuse of contact lenses

Chapter 15 B. Disorders that affect vision The following must be seen and treated by and eye doctor: Conjunctivitis (pink eye) VERY contagious (from one eye to the other, and from person to person

Conjunctivitis

Chapter 15 C. Eye Injuries The following must be seen and treated by an eye doctor: Corneal Laceration

Chapter 15 C. Eye Injuries The following must be seen and treated by an eye doctor: Hyphema (blood in anterior chamber of eye)

Chapter 15 C. Eye Injuries The following must be seen and treated by an eye doctor: Facial Fracture Traps or impinges muscles Prevents normal movement & tracking

Chapter 15 C. Eye Injuries The following must be seen and treated by an eye doctor: Ruptured Globe

Near / Far sightedness

Anatomy of the Inner Ear

Disabilities Involving Hearing Chapter 15 Section 3 Understanding Disabilities Disabilities Involving Hearing 28 million Americans are affected Hearing impairment: Nerve damage Results from exposure to high volumes Tinnitus buzzing or ringing in the ears that is caused by exposure to loud noise Hearing loss caused by genetic factors, medicines, and infections and exposure to loud noise Treatment options include hearing aids and cochlear implants. Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Hearing

Ruptured Ear Drum (Tympanic Membrane)

Balance

Disabilities Involving Movement Chapter 15 Section 3 Understanding Disabilities Disabilities Involving Movement Spinal cord injuries (paralysis) Paraplegia is paralysis of the lower body. Quadriplegia is paralysis of the upper and lower body. Multiple Sclerosis Parkinson’s disease ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease) Tourette’s syndrome Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

Osteoporosis

Coping with Disabilities Chapter 15 Section 3 Understanding Disabilities Coping with Disabilities Understanding and learning to deal with disabilities in a positive way helps make living with a disability easier. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Federal legislation intended to make American society more accessible to people with disabilities. Businesses must comply with Federal mandates (handicapper ramps, parking, restroom facilities, etc) Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"

End of Chapter 15 Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0"