Warm Up – Feb. 22, 2016 You need your ELA notebook for notetaking SSR Novel out and ready to begin SSR

Make a column on the Left of your Notebook with the following listed: Rhetoric Claim Statement Bias Counter Argument Rebuttal Tone Style Semantic Slanting Emotional Language Building Trust Urgency Research Rhetorical Questioning Anaphora Apostrophe Parallelism

Rhetorical Strategies Persuading Your Audience

What is Rhetoric? The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.

The Thesis Statement Also known as the Claim Statement (EOG) Before a writer begins to argue their point, they must first have a thesis statement. States the author’s or artist’s opinion. Most simplest form: “I believe that…”

Bias – It’s the author’s choice Prejudice or partiality when making an argument towards an issue Absence of counter argument One-sided

Counter Argument “counter-” means contrary or opposite Counter Argument – is the presentation of ideas to convince an audience to do or think the opposite. “The Other Side”

Rebuttal Evidence or argument presented to contradict or nullify the counter argument

Tone Writer’s or artist’s attitude toward the subject and/or audience Formal Informal Serious Playful Bitter Ironic Angry Empathetic

Style How ideas are expressed (the author’s or artist’s personality) Casual Formal Scholarly Entertaining

How are Style and Tone Created? In writing: Word choice Sentence structure Repetition Rhetorical Questions Use of literary devices In Image (Photography/ Painting) Color Cropping Lighting and Shading Subject

Semantic Slanting Choosing words or images to create specific emotional responses Includes Various Persuasion Techniques

Semantic Slanting Techniques

Big Names/Appeal to Prestige Important people, celebrities or experts used to make the argument seem more convincing The use of item/idea offers an equal status to the celebrity endorsement

Pathos or Emotional Language Words/phrases used to make the reader feel happy, sad, angry, guilty, etc. Example: Your donation to the SPCA might just get a puppy off the street and into a good home.

Ethos or Building Trust Making the reader believe and trust in the author by building credibility. Example: Believe me! I’ve been there before. I’m just like you.

Kairos or Urgency Author convinces the reader that this issue is so important they must act now. Example: This is a one-time offer. You can’t get this price after today.

Logos/ Research Facts, images, numbers, and information are used to convince the reader.

What semantic slanting can you identify? Commercial #1 Commercial #2 Commercial #3 Commercial #4 Commercial #5 Commercial #6

Rhetorical Questioning Raising questions, concern, or doubt about the other side or about the issue Meant to arouse thought not to solicit an answer Example: “Art though mad? Is not the truth the truth?” (Henry IV, Part 1, II, iv, Shakespeare)

Anaphora Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive lines Example: “Mad World! Mad kings! Mad composition!” (King John, II, i, Shakespeare)

Apostrophe A sudden turn from the general audience to address a specific group or person, either absent or present, real or imagined. Example: “Oh death, where is thy sting? Oh grave, where is thy victory?” (1 Cor. 15:55)

Parallelism Repetition of key word over successive phrases or clauses or lines Example: “We will have difficult times. We’ve had difficult times in the past. And we will have difficult times in the future.” (Robert F. Kennedy’s Eulogy for MLK Jr. 1968)

Antithesis Opposition or juxtaposition of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction Compare/ Contrast Compared in order to create a Contrast Example: “Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.” (Julius Caesar, III, ii, Shakespeare)