Early Man

Archaeology Archaeology is the scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, fossils, settlements, and other such remains.

And… Carbon dating! Archaeologists measure the amount of carbon 14 (14C) remaining in artifacts or fossils. The amount remaining tells the age of the item.

What, more than anything else… Shaped the lives of early humans? Their physical environment and the availability of food

Map of early humans Travels of Early Humans in Africa Humankind began in Africa and from there travelled to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas

Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age) 2 million B.C.E. - 10,000 B.C.E. Hunting & gathering societies Nomads- people who travel from place to place in constant search of food and water People traveled in small groups Simple tools/weapons made of stone, bone & wood Use of clothes & fire Cave paintings found of animals Animism- religion which involves worship of spirits in nature

What were Character-istics of Early Man? Several Phases through many years Hominids

Hominids Australopithecines Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo Sapien

Hominids Walked upright Opposable thumb

Time Period and Location Australopithecus Time Period and Location 4 million to 1 million BCE Primarily found in East Africa

Capabilities and Skills Appearance Brain 1/3 size of modern humans  Long arms, but humanlike legs. Capabilities and Skills Bipedal: walked on two feet Small social groups Nomadic: traveled from place to place in search of food

Homo habilis Time Period and Location 2.5-1.5 million BCE Africa

Capabilities and Skills Appearance Face like Australopithecus, but larger brain Apelike arms Capabilities and Skills Scavenger: gathered plants and ate meat First to use stone tools

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Time Period and Location Homo erectus Time Period and Location 1.6 million- 30,000 BCE Asia, Africa, perhaps Europe

fi Appearance Capabilities and Skills Large brain Fully upright stance Developed new ways of using tools Digging, scraping First group to use FIRE First to create spoken language

Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (Neanderthals) Time Period and Location 100,000 to 400,000 yrs ago Africa, Europe, western Asia and the Near East

Capabilities and skills Appearance Brain larger than modern humans Stocky and short-limbed Capabilities and skills Hunters and gatherers Sophisticated tools (stone knives, spears) Fire for protection and cooking Burials for the dead Nomadic

Homo sapiens (Cro-Magnons) Time Period and Location 100,000 yrs ago to the present Over time, found all around the world

Appearance Skills Large brain Relatively slender bones Hunters and gatherers Men: meat Women: berries Advanced tools using bone, antler, and ivy Nomadic Cave paintings

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Old Stone Age Known as the Paleolithic Age Nomads Hunters and Gatherers

New Stone Age Known as the Neolithic Age 8000 to 3000 BCE Agriculture Domestication of Animals

Major Advancement BIRTH OF FARMING VIDEO What major advancement by man led to the advancement of civilization? Settled agriculture How did it happen? Warmer climates led to more crop growth Why did it help man? Agriculture led to permanent settlements