Chapter 2, Section 1 Quiz on Thursday 10/10! Spain Claims an empire Homework out, please! Signed test Guided reading worksheet Plan for today – have your laptop ready to go! Go over GRW Complete Power Point and Study Guide for Section 1 Homework! Read Chapter 2, Section 2 (pages 67-70) Complete GRW

KEY TERMS Treaty of Tordesillas – the 1494 treaty in which Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the lands of the Western Hemisphere between them and moved the Line of Demarcation further west Missionary – a person sent by the Church to preach, teach, and convert native peoples to Christianity Mercantilism – an economic system in which nations increase their wealth and power by obtaining gold and silver and by establishing a favorable balance of trade Amerigo Vespucci – Italian sailor; sailed in 1501 to find a sea route to Asia. A German mapmaker named America for him. Conquistador – a Spaniard who traveled to the Americas as an explorer and a conqueror in the 16th century Hernando Cortés – conquistador who conquered the Aztecs in Mexico Montezuma – Aztec emperor Francisco Pizarro – conquistador who conquered the Inca in Peru

Spain and Portugal Compete Pope Alexander VI & the Line of Demarcation What lands could Spain and Portugal claim? Why was King John of Portugal unhappy? What was the solution? What were the three goals during this “Age of Exploration?” Spread Christianity Missionaries Expand their empires Become rich

Mercantilism The main goal of mercantilism was to increase the money in a country’s treasury by creating a favorable balance of trade. How did the colonies help nations enrich their treasuries? Provided mines that produced gold and silver Produced goods (like crops) that could be traded for gold and silver Served as a market for the home country

Europeans Explore Foreign Lands Amerigo Vespucci – Italian sailor Knew “Asia” wasn’t Asia – how? Sailed in 1499 Vasco Núñez de Balboa – Spanish sailor Led an expedition in 1513 through Panama and reached the Pacific Ocean. He claimed the ocean and surrounding lands for Spain Ferdinand Magellan – Portuguese sailor Left Spain in 1519 with the goal of sailing around South America to reach Asia What happened to Magellan?

Amerigo Vespucci

Vasco Núñez de Balboa

Magellan’s Route

The Invasion of Mexico Role of conquistadors? They explored the Americas and claimed the land for Spain Hernando Cortés Landed on the Central American coast with 508 men in 1519 What people does he encounter? Why are those people afraid? They believe Cortés had been sent by the god Quetzalcoatl What do they do?

Spanish conquistadors vs. Aztecs The Spanish continue to explore – with whom do they form an alliance? What happens when they reach the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlán? Montezuma welcomed the Spaniards Cortes takes Montezuma captive Aztecs fight back (1520) La Noche Triste May 1521- Spanish go back to Tenochtitlán…who or what was the “invisible ally?”

Fall of the Aztecs What happens to the Aztec capital (Tenochtitlán)? Spanish build Mexico City Demolished Tenochtitlán, rename it Mexico City Why? Think back to our early “Historical Thinking Skills” People of the region were the Mexica, later known as the Aztecs Replaced Aztec temples with Catholic churches

Conquest of the Incan Empire Incan Empire located in modern-day Peru Had many natural resources, like gold and silver Francisco Pizzaro Spanish conquistador Led expedition of 180 men Like the Aztec, the Inca feared the Spanish might be gods. Incan emperor, Atahualpa, ordered his troops not to fight. Spanish took advantage and killed thousands of Incas, captured & killed Atahualpa With his death, the Incan empire collapsed. Spanish controlled the land and renamed it Peru

Reasons for Spanish Victories How did the great Aztec and Incan empires fall? Spread of diseases killed millions of Native Americans and weakened their resistance to conquest Spanish were excellent soldiers and sailors. Had superior weapons, like guns, which helped them defeat the larger armies of the Native Americans Spain made alliances with Native Americans who were enemies of the Aztecs and Incas Spanish conquistadors acted brutally toward the Native Americans under their control

Other Spanish Explorers After victories in Central and South America, Spanish focused on North America Rumors of cities of gold motivated them Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and Estevancio Their claim to fame? 1539-1542 Francisco Vázquez de Coronado Traveled through present-day Arizona Hernando de Soto Explored the southeast and Florida Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo Sailed up the California coast