1. Spain Claims an Empire p.61-66
Chapter 2 Section 1
Spain Claims an Empire
p.61-66

2. Warm Up Questions
What factors allowed Spain to emerge as the world power?
How has religion played an important role in shaping the world culture?
Why did Spain and Portugal want to control territory in the Americas?

3. Dividing the World

4. Line of Demarcation 1493
Boundary established by Pope Alexander VI on May 4, 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the New World.
A line drawn on a map
Portugal= all non-christian lands to the east
Spain= claim all non-christian lands to the west
Who got the better of this deal??

5. Line of Demarcation

6. Treaty of Tordesillas Huh???
Portugal was upset over the amount of land Spain received--met and agreed to shift the Line of Demarcation
Fixed problems the Line of Demarcation caused--
Or did it??
Obviously, these countries did not explore much!!!

7. Line of Demarcation

8. Dividing the World Do you have a problem with this???
Two countries are dividing up the world among themselves!!!
What gave them the right to do this???
What power did they have that other nations would allow this to happen?
Is this happening in today’s world??

9. Mercantilism Increase the wealth of a country
Favorable balance between imports and exports
The goal: have more exports than imports
Why is this important?
Colonies helped: They were highly profitable
Provided gold and silver
Produced crops (trade for gold and silver)
Served as a market
The NEED for wealth fueled exploration

10. Explorers and Conquistadors

11. Amerigo Vespucci ( )
Italian sailor, and one of the early explorers of the New World
He helped Columbus get ships ready for his second and third voyages
A skilled navigator: voyages to Central and South America ( )
One of the first explorers to come up with the idea of a "New World" :not part of Asia as Columbus thought
German mapmaker--Martin Waldseemuller--named the new continent “America” after Vespucci
North and South America were named in his honor

12. Vespucci’s Routes

13. Amerigo Vespucci

14. Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1475-1519)
Spanish conquistador (means conqueror in Spanish)
First European to see the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean
Sailed from Spain to Colombia, South America
Searched for pearls and gold along the northern coast of South America
Balboa founded a colony, the first European settlement in South America - the town of Santa Maria de la Antigua del Darien
Balboa was the first European to see the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean: claimed all the land (and ocean) for Spain
With his men, fought and killed many natives
Francisco Pizarro was one of his men

15. Balboa’s Routes

16. Vasco Nunez de Balboa

17. Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521)
Portuguese explorer
First to lead an expedition to circumnavigate the world (sail around it)
Named the Pacific Ocean (means peaceful)
He sailed first for Portugal, but a dispute with the Portuguese king turned him against Portugal: Then sailed for Spain
Was killed in a battle with natives
Never made it all the way around the world--but he is given credit for it: Why??
Part of his crew made it back

18. Magellan’s Routes

19. Ferdinand Magellan

20. Hernando Cortes ( )
Spanish conquistador: The “conqueror of Mexico”: Nicknamed “Killer”
Started out studying law: but sought adventure
Entered the military--became a skillful strategist and explorer
Encountered the Aztecs, and their king Montezuma
When Cortes got to Mexico, he tricked the Aztecs into giving him gold: They thought he was their god---why??
Captured Montezuma, and forced him to give them gold
A war began--La Noche Triste--Montezuma was killed by his own brother (struck by a stone)
Cortes’ army had well-armed men, 550 conquistadors, 300 Native allies (who were the Aztecs enemy), and a dozen horses
They defeated close to 500,000 Aztecs, and captured the capital city Tenochtitlan--What helped Cortes defeat the Aztecs??
Technology and disease

21. Hernando Cortes

22. Cortes and Montezuma

23. Cortes’ Routes

24. Tenochtitlan
Was the capital city of the Aztecs, built in the center of Lake Texcoco
At it’s height, the city had a population of over 250,000 people
The city flourished until the year 1521 when Hernandez Cortes and his Spanish army invaded and captured the city
“They did this because the Aztecs fought only with lances and swords unlike the Spanish who had crossbows, and armor-clad horses.  The Spanish also had two other advantages: a lot of tactical skills on behalf of Cortes and smallpox, which devastated the Aztec population”
Cortes destroyed the city and constructed the new Spanish capital on top of the ruins: Called Mexico City
the Spanish destroyed most of the art of the Aztecs in the name of Christianity.

25. Ruins of Tenochtitlan

26. Ruins of Tenochtitlan

27. Map of Tenochtitlan

28. Francisco Pizarro ( )
Spanish conquistador: related to Hernando Cortes
Traveled mainly to west coast of South America
Was 1st mate on Balboa’s voyages through Panama
He heard rumors about a wealthy group of natives
“Discovered” the Incan empire in 1527: They feared him at first---why??
Their ruler Atahualpa said not to fight--at first
Incas realized Pizarro was not a god; fought and killed many of his men
Pizarro had revenge: regrouped with a large army and captured Atahualpa
Held him for ransom: demanded 1 room filled with gold and 2 filled with silver
Incas did this, and he still killed Atahualpa
With Atahualpa dead, the Incan empire collapsed
Spain called this area, Peru

29. Pizarro cont.. Pizarro was murdered by a vengeful son (Almagro’s son)
Pizarro, besides conquering Peru, also got Ecuador and Columbia for Spain
Spain acquired huge amounts of land in the “new world”
The main reason Pizarro was sent to explore was for conquest
The remaining Incas  were converted to Catholicism
Spain was the greatest country in the world, due to all these expeditions

30. Pizarro’s Routes

31. Francisco Pizarro

32. Huge Global Problem? Christianity
For all the good the religion has done, it does have a shady past
Each expedition to the “New World” contained missionaries
People sent to convert the natives to christianity
These missionaries destroyed the culture of natives, claiming their beliefs were blasphemy!!
This is why we have little to no records of the Incas and the Aztecs
What was lost???

33. Mayan Culture

35. Incan Culture

37. Aztec Culture

39. Why did Spain become the global power?
1. Spread of European disease killed millions of Native Americans: weakened resistance
2. Spain had the superior technology: guns and other weapons
3. Spain made strategic alliances with Native American tribes--”The enemy of my enemy is mine.”