Almonds Chapter 22
World Production Rank Country Name Production 1 USA 731,946 2 Spain 731,946 2 Spain 215,825 3 Australia 142,742 4 Iran 100,836 5 Morocco 99,873 6 Italy 90,359 7 Syria 86,683 8 Turkey 75,140 9 Tunisia 70,831 10 Afghanistan 62,439
Major Destinations for Almonds #1 in US Exports 1- India 2- Spain 3- China 4- Germany 5- United Arab Emirates 6- Japan 7-Italy 8-Turkey 9- Vietnam 10- Canada
California’s Top Commodities 1- Milk & Cream 2- Grapes 3- Almonds 4- Cattle & Calves 5- Lettuce, All 6- Berries, All Strawberries 7- Pistachios 8- Tomatoes, All 9- Walnuts 10- Oranges, All
Leading California Counties 1- Kern 138,080 acres 2- Fresno 114,714 acres 3- Stanislaus 108,720 acres 4- Merced 99,177 acres 5- Madera 88,218 acres Total bearing acres = 757,011 Total non-bearing acres = 83,925 Grand total acres = 840,936
Top Varieties Planted Non pareil 292,250 32,993 = 325,243 Monterey 100,544 13,333 = 113,877 Butte 79,256 1,821 = 81,076 Carmel 73,257 2,097 = 75,353 Padre 51,750 816 = 52,565
Leading California Counties in tons/acre 1- Kern 1.19 tons/acre 2- Fresno 1.17 tons/acre 3- Merced 1.13 tons/acre 4- Tulare 1.09 tons/acre 5- Kings 1.07 tons/acre All Almonds
Tree Growth and limiting factors 25 to 30 feet tall. Bear fruit 3 to 4 years after planting. Can remain productive for up to 50 years. Self sterile trees, thus must plant 2-3 cultivars to ensure cross pollination. Chilling hours = 300 to 500. Bloom starts in February
Climate needed is a cool, moist winters and hot dry summers. Almonds are cold hardy to about 00F. 48” to 52” of water is needed per year. Production is alternate bearing. Production = 1400 to 2100 meats/acre This is = to 2100 to 3000 lbs in shell/acre
Re-Plants Age of orchard Pruning of trees surrounding them.
Harvest Prep Pull water Prep orchard floor Ant control Sprays (Hull) Dics and float Mow Ant control Sprays (Hull) Contact shakers
Site Selection Type of soil Water availability & Sales contracts Location to work force and processor Location to urban setting, EPA Location to roads Easements Price Zoning Field history Other orchards in area
Selecting Rootstocks Nemagaurd Nemared Guardian®Brand BY 520-9 Lovell Hansen 536 Hybrid+ Cornerstone (PP# 21,248) Brights Hybrid Krymsk 86 Marianna 26-24 (not capatible with:) Livingston, Marcona, Monterery, & Nonpareil
Choosing Cultivars Aldrich Avaian BNI (Self Fruitful) Butte Carmel Fritz Independent (Self Fruitful) Livingston Marcona Merced Monterery Nonpareil Padre Peerless Price Ruby Sonora Supareil Shasta (Self Fruitful)
Orchard Layout
Orchard Floor management, Irrigation & Fertilizers Disk or mow Type of irrigation Flood Permanent set sprinklers Drag line sprinklers Micro sprinklers Drip Nutrient program IPM
Insects Navel Orangeworm
Peach twig Borer
Two Spotted Spider Mite Brown Mite
Oriental Fruit Moth
Diseases Bacterial Canker Crown Gall
Crown rot Shot hole
Brown rot Brown rot gumming
Brown rot girdled
Verticillium Wilt
Weeds