2. Kingdom: Plantae Order Rosales Family Rosaceae S.N Prunus domestica Genus Prunus Subgenus Prunus

4. Tow type of plums : 1) European types 2) Japanese types

6. Flowers Flowers are similar in morphology to peach trees, but white, smaller, and have longer pedicels. Flowers are borne mostly in umbel-like clusters. European plums bloom much later than Japanese types, and are therefore less frost prone. Flower type is perfect.

7. Leaves Leaves commonly have stipules at the base of each leaf - Simple leaves, elliptical to oblongovate, short petioles, -leaves that are alternate,, finely toothed مسننة on the margins 2-4 inch (7-10 cm) long &. Leaf Width - 1 to 2 inches

8. Fruit A drupe. Oval shaped in European types, round in Japanese types. Plums require 2.5 to 6 months for fruit development. Thinning is necessary for proper size development for Japanese plums, but not always necessary for European plums. Fruits are usually of medium size, between 1 to 3 inches in diameter. The fruit's peel is smooth, with a natural waxy surface that adheres to the flesh. The fruit has a single large seed

9. Cross-Pollination Honey bees are the major pollinator. For Japanese plums, pollinizers are necessary for commercial production for most cultivars.

10. 1) Santa Rosa

14. Deep, well-drained soils with pH 5.5 – 6.5 give best results. However, plums are the most tolerant of all stone fruits with respect to heavy soils and waterlogging.

15.  Plum trees are temperate fruit trees and need chilling to produce fruit.  need between 250 and 350 hours of chilling

16. * Bud grafting. * Chip and Tongue grafting.

17.  Myrobalan 29C is compatible with most cultivars and tolerates a wide range of soil types and climatic conditions. It produces a hardy, vigorous, long lived, standard size tree, but is prune to suckering  Mariana 2624 is compatible with most cultivars and produces a semi-dwarf tree (10 to 15 ft). This rootstock is typically used in northern California because it tolerates wet, heavy soils. It acclimates well to a wide range of soil types and climatic conditions. It is resistant to root fungus, crown rot, crown gall, and root nematode

18.  Nemaguard is a peach rootstock that produces a vigorous, productive tree with good fruit size and little to no suckering. It has (good resistance to root- nematode, but is susceptible to bacterial canker and Armillaria).  Lovell is a peach rootstock that produces a standard size tree with early fruit set and consistent crop. It is compatible with most plum cultivars. Lovell does not tolerate heavy soils and is susceptibility to root- nematode, but is partly resistant to bacterial.  Citation is a peach-plum hybrid rootstock that produces dwarf trees (8 to 12 ft) and is tolerant of wet soils. Citation is resistant to root- nematode but susceptible to crown gall and bacterial desease.

19. A variety of indices are used for plum maturity, depending on use, species/cultivar and location. Japanese plums and European plums for fresh market are harvested based on skin color and firmness, although sugar content and sugar to acid ratio has been used. Flesh color, firmness, and sugar content are the most reliable indicators for prunes; flesh turns from gree to yellow and some species to red.

24. Plums for fresh consumption must be hand harvested,, sour cherries harvested by shake and catch methods.