Landforms

A tall flat-topped rock feature Mesa A tall flat-topped rock feature

A hill of sand made and shaped by wind; created by DEPOSITION. Sand dune A hill of sand made and shaped by wind; created by DEPOSITION.

A large, flat landform with little relief. Plain A large, flat landform with little relief.

Deep valley with steep sides; Formed by EROSION. Canyon Deep valley with steep sides; Formed by EROSION.

An area of new land at the mouth of a river; formed by DEPOSITION. Delta An area of new land at the mouth of a river; formed by DEPOSITION.

A large hole formed when the roof of a cave collapses. Sinkhole A large hole formed when the roof of a cave collapses.

Focus The place within the crust where energy is released during an earthquake.

Epicenter The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake; where the most damage occurs.

A crack in Earth’s surface; usually where earthquakes occur. Fault A crack in Earth’s surface; usually where earthquakes occur.

Volcano A mountain that forms as molten rock flows through a crack onto Earth’s surface; can be both constructive and destructive.

Hot Spot A hot column of magma that can melt a hole through the crust as the magma rises to the surface.

Layers of the Earth Crust- surface layer of Earth Mantle- the second layer of Earth Outer Core- the third layer from the surface Inner Core- the inner layer of Earth

Machine that records movements in Earth’s crust. Seismograph Machine that records movements in Earth’s crust.

Levee A wall of earth or concrete built along the banks of a waterway; keeps rising floodwaters within channels.

Dam Holds back water; water can be released slowly into the stream channel.

Wall-like structure that sticks out into the ocean. Jetty Wall-like structure that sticks out into the ocean.

Weathering C L I F What are some products of weathering? The process of wearing away rocks by natural means. What are some products of weathering? M U S H R O C L I F ROCK

Erosion Canyon River Banks The process of moving sediment by wind, moving water, or ice.   What are some products of erosion? Canyon River Banks

Deposition Sand dune Delta The process by which sediment drops out of water. What are the two landforms formed by deposition? Sand dune Delta

Plate Movements Convergent Boundary- Where plates move toward each other. - Creates Mountains Divergent Boundary- Where plates move away from each other. - Creates Rift Valleys Transform Boundary- Where plates move along-side each other. - Creates faults, lakes, and earthquakes