1. Earth Science Study Guide

2. How would a glacier affect the landscape of a state?

3. The peak of hills were scraped off; many deep valleys were filled in; soil was transported miles from where it started.

4. What would cause mountains to appear older and worn?

5. Wind and water erosion, wearing away the mountain

6. An earthquake is caused by an abrupt shift in the earth along a fracture or ___________________.

7. fault

8. How do people control floods?

9. Build levees and dams along and across a river or body of water

10. If a crack in a rock is filled with rain and then the rain freezes, what would be the result?

11. Weathering caused by freezing of water

12. Sand dunes are the result of ________________.

13. deposition

14. What is a glacier?

15. Mass of snow and ice in motion

16. What happened to rock material that was once at the top of a mountain?

17. The rock material was eroded by wind, water, or ice

18. What can be caused by ocean waves?

19. Sea caves, sea arch, sea stack

20. The Hawaiian Islands were formed as a result of __________________.

21. Volcanic activity

22. The Grand Canyon was formed as the result of _______________________

23. Erosion by water

24. The islands of Japan were formed by _______________.

25. Volcanic activity

26. What can be created when the magma pushed up the crust of the earth?

27. A volcano or dome mountain

28. How were the Hawaiian Islands formed?

29. Volcanic activity

30. How are mountains formed?

31. Tectonic plates pushing the crust of earth up

32. SinkholesLandslide s Both

33. How do glaciers move materials?

34. Glaciers push rock and soil in front of them

35. How do glaciers deposit sediment?

36. Glaciers release sediment when they melt.

37. Erosion and weathering are examples of __________________.

38. Destructive forces

39. What are the three types of plate boundaries?

40. Converging, diverging, and sliding

41. What type scientist studies seismic waves?

42. seismologist

43. Explain how a volcano is formed.

44. Deep below Earth’s crust rock melts to form magma. A build-up of pressure in the magma chamber causes the magma to rise into the conduit. Magma pushes upward and finally burst through the vent. Lava flows down the side of the volcano where it cools and hardens to form igneous rock.

45. Where could you mostly observe a volcano or an earthquake?

46. Near plate boundaries

47. Water, ice, and wind are the three forces that cause ____________.

48. erosion

49. Levees are used to _____________.

50. Control floods

51. Draw and label each of the three types of mountains. Explain how each mountain is formed.

52. Why do scientists study earthquakes?

53. Measure their magnitude, damage, and likelihood of happening again.

54. ____________ is any process that changes a rock’s chemical composition.

55. Chemical weathering

56. _________ is the disintegration of rocks without changing them chemically.

57. Mechanical or physical weathering

58. Scientists who study earthquakes are called ___________.

59. seismologist

60. What is erosion?

61. The carrying away of sediments by wind, moving water, or moving ice

62. A river valley is an example of _____________.

63. Weathering and erosion

64. The delta is a result of _____________.

65. deposition