Sugarcane-based Ethanol By: Nathan Mattingly, Connor Warholic, and Bradley Neumann

About Sugarcane Ethanol Contains mostly water Type of biofuel By-products of this process are also utilized Can be mixed with gasoline https://www.e-education.psu.edu/egee439/node/647

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Topic Relevance Cleaner than fossil fuels Renewable Still being researched Expanding industry

History Began in Brazil No light car in Brazil has run on pure gasoline for decades Favored due to land-to-product efficiency and renewability Testing for cane based biofuel began in 1903 By 1925, there were small amounts of Ford Model T’s running on ethanol

History (cont.) 1931, Brazil begins blending all fuel with anhydrous ethanol, 5% ethanol Oil Shock of 1973; inspired more interest in ethanol, government spurred ethanol production by controlling prices Interest dropped with decreasing crude oil prices, sugar cane back to free market New fleet of flex fuel engines in 2003 allowed customers to use a blend of 25% ethanol or pure ethanol, resparking interest in ethanol Efficiency increased by 3.5% (productivity per acre) each year from 1975 to 2005 Advancement is becoming limited due to drop in interest

Comparison of United States versus Brazil

Future Research Looking into ways to reduce the greenhouse emissions from the ethanol such as the use of molasses in India. Looking at the ways that energy can be saved when producing the sugar Different sugar plant varieties

Future Research (cont.) Modeling different areas in an attempt to calculate how much ethanol could be produced from an area Finding new combinations of plants that could also help in producing ethanol from plants Ex. corn

Conclusion Sugarcane ethanol is a biofuel made from the fermentation of sugarcane Very high energy output-to-input ratio Has been relevant in Brazil for around a decade The progress of sugar cane varies with the price of crude oil Much left to discover in the anhydrous ethanol field Efficiency, reducing energy input, reducing land requirements, other plants Expected to expand to other areas such as India

References Goldemberg, Jose, PhD, and Luiz Nogueira, PhD. "Sweetening the Biofuel Sector: The History of Sugarcane Ethanol in Brazil." Bioenergy Connection. Energy Biosciences Institute, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2016. Tsiropoulos, Ioannis, André P. C. Faaij, Joaquim E. A. Seabra, Lars Lundquist, Urs Schenker, Jean-François Briois, and Martin K. Patel. "Life Cycle Assessment of Sugarcane Ethanol Production in India in Comparison to Brazil." Int J Life Cycle Assess The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 19.5 (2014): 1049-067. Web. Gaugy, Peggy. "OSU Plant Dictionary00108OSU Plant Dictionary. Columbus, OH 43210, USA: The Ohio State University 2000. URL: Http://www.hcs.ohio‐state. Edu/plants.html No Charge." Electronic Resources Review 4.10 (2013): 0-125. Web. 7 Oct. 2016. "7.2 Sugarcane Ethanol Production." Welcome! N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgbOy0JVw64&list=PL3C7A3E802C3A7517&index=5 http://www.theenergycollective.com/sites/theenergycollective.com/files/imagepicker/554996/Supply%20percentages.jpg http://www.bioenergyconnection.org/sites/bioenergyconnection.org/files/upload/goldemberg_calculations.jpg

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