2. CheyAnn May and Amanda Murrillo

3.  A domestically produced renewable energy source made from plant material such as corn, wheat, etc. (feedstocks)  The same alcohol made from dinking beverages

4. Ethanol can be mixed with gasoline to make E 10-E85 which contain a different ethanol to gasoline ratio. Ethanol as a Transportation Fuel: Ethanol only works in flex fuel vehicles, which are surprisingly common.

5. Ethanol comes from feed stocks Ways to produce ethanol:  Dry milling  Wet Milling  Cellulose Biomass

6. Process: A) milling- After corn, wheat or barley is cleaned it will pass through hammer mills that grind it into a powder B) Liquification: it is mixed with water and enzymes and then cooked. C) The starch is seperated D) Left to ferment E) Distilation F) Dehydration G) Added to gasoline

7. 1. The corn is cleaned and then seeped (soaked) to start beginning of breakdown of the starches. 2. The corn is ground up and seperated by parts, creating by- products. 3. The corn is more finely ground out using an attrition impact mill. 4. The starch and gluten are separated using a centrifuge to make the much denser starch fall to the bottom of the mix. 5. Enzymes and water is added and then left to ferment 6. Added to gasoline

9. CountryBillions of Gallons United States13,300 Brazil6,267 Europe1,371 China696 India545 Canada523 Other Countries727

10. IN 2000, the U.S. consumed 5.9% of the corn stock for ethanol fuel In 2010, the U.S> consumed 34% of corn stock for fuel.

11. In comparison to gasoline, 1 gallon of gasoline=1.5 gallons of ethanol. In E10, 3-4% less efficient In E85, 6-7% less efficient. 34% lower energy output than gasoline Net energy is positive at 1.25 meaning it requires less energy than what is produced to make it.

12. Pure Gas: 2.28 E85: 1.79 The tools to convert the ethanol into a useable form are expensive (most expensive in wet milling but can be reused) Price of corn has increased to $7.60 a bushel from a decade ago being $5.40 a bushel.

13.  Renewable Resource  Unlike Petroleum and other fossil fuels, ethanol is produced from feed stocks, which can be regenerated  Emits fewer greenhouse gases  Emits fewer carbon monoxide and dioxide than other fossil fuels  Economic Standpoint  Ethanol Fuel can be domestically grown, meaning less imports of oil, more job opportunities, and lower fuel costs  Flex Fuel Vehicles are available

14.  Ethanol has a lower heat of combustion  Large amounts of land are required to produce the feedstocks  Environmental problems from fermentation of liquor  Engine corrosion  Gas stations that offer E85 are still rare  The energy output compared to petroleum is 34% less  Increases fuel enthalpy of vaporization  34% miles per hour reduction  Food vs. Fuel  Can only be used in flex fuel vehicles

15. Fuel vs. Food Corn can become depleted, inflation could arise from the need of corn and such products. With a growing need for fuel, the amount of arable land could be used for fuel instead of food sources. Stats: Wheat acreage: decreased 13.7% Sorghum: decreased 42.6% Hay: decreased 5.5% Cotton: decreased 18.6% Barley: decreased 46.3% Oats: decreased 31.7% These can only get worse as the need for fuel increases. Less land will be available for food.