Chapter 22: Diseases of the nervous system

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 22: Diseases of the nervous system Lecture NS overview Bacterial diseases Viral diseases Fungal diseases

The nervous system 2 components: - CNS: brain and spinal cord - PNS: nerves extending from CNS Meningitis- infection of the meninges Encephalitis- infection of the brain Protection via blood-brain barrier

Meninges and cerebrospinal fluid

Etiologies of bacterial meningitis

Neisseria meningitidis, Meningococcal meningitis Symptoms Due to endotoxin Rash that doesn’t fade when pressed Throat infection- bacteriemia- meningitis

Clostridium tetani- tetanus Symptoms Due to tetanospasmin toxin Spastic paralysis

Clostridium botulinum- botulism Symptoms Due to exotoxin (Types A, B, and C) Flaccid paralysis Blurred vision Nausea, no fever

Mycobacterium leprae- Hansern’s Disease or leprosy Symptoms Tuberculoid PNS infected Skin shows immune reactions Lepromatous Skin cells infected Disfiguring nodules Less immune response Tissue necrosis

Polio virus- Poliomyelitis

Rhabdoviridae- rabies Symptoms First stage Mild and varied CNS infected Hydrophobia Mouth/pharyngeal spasms Meningitis/ encephalitis

Diseases in Focus 22.2 (2 of 3)

Diseases in Focus 22.2 (3 of 3)

Cryptococcus neoformans Meningitis (Cryptococcosis) Soil fungus associated with pigeon and chicken droppings Transmitted by the respiratory route through dried contaminated droppings In the immunocompromised, it spreads through blood to the CNS Mortality of up to 30% Treatment: amphotericin B and flucytosine

Figure 22.15 Cryptococcus neoformans.

Nervous System Diseases Caused by Prions Prion: abnormally folded protein Causes normal proteins in the brain tissue to become abnormally folded Leads to spongiform degeneration Chronic and fatal Transmissable spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) Sheep scrapie TSE in sheep Chronic wasting disease TSE in deer and elk Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Mad Cow Disease Possibly due to cattle eating feed containing bone meal from scrapie-infected sheep

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE)- Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Symptoms Prion disease Loss of motor control Death

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies- Kuru (TSE in humans that is caused by cannibalism)

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