Unit 11: Waves Waves.

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 11: Waves Waves

What is a wave? Wave – a disturbance or oscillation that travels from one place to another

What is a medium? Medium – the material through which a wave travels When a wave travels through a medium, it transfers energy Air Water Earth

Parts of a Wave Amplitude (A)– the maximum height a wave rises above or below the surface or equilibrium position; a representation of its energy; measured in meters, [m].

Parts of a Wave Wavelength (λ)– the distance from one point on a wave to the same exact point on the next cycle of the wave; measured in meters, [m].

Parts of a Wave Period (T)– the time, in seconds, it takes for one full cycle (wavelength) of a wave to pass a point

Parts of a Wave Frequency (f) – how many full cycles pass a point in one second, measured in units of Hertz [Hz]

Parts of a Wave Equilibrium Position – The resting position of the wave; typically the zero position.

Graph of a Wave

Parts of a Wave Speed (v)– how fast one wavelength travels in one period of time; measured in meters per second [m/s]

Two Types of Waves Mechanical Waves – require a medium to propagate (Can be transverse or longitudinal) Electromagnetic Waves – do NOT require a medium to propagate (All are transverse)

Types of Mechanical Waves Water waves Earthquake/seismic waves Sound waves Waves that travel down a rope or spring All of these examples CANNOT move through empty space.

Types of Electromagnetic Waves Radio waves Microwaves Infrared waves Visible light Ultraviolet rays X-rays Gamma Radiation All of these examples CAN move through empty space.

Types of Waves Transverse Wave – A mechanical or electromagnetic wave where the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction that the wave moves

Parts of a Transverse Wave Crest – the high point of the wave Trough – the low point of the wave

Types of Waves Longitudinal Wave – A mechanical wave where the oscillations are parallel to the direction that the wave moves

Parts of a Longitudinal Wave Rarefaction – area of a longitudinal wave that is spread out, low pressure Compression – area of a longitudinal wave that is close together, high pressure