Unit 2: Population (Part V) Population pyramids

Dependency Ratio The number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years

0-15 = Dependents 16-64 = Workers 65+ = Dependents Dependency Ratio DR = Number of Dependents (0-15 and 65+) Number of Working-age (16-64) X 100

Population under the age of 15 - usually shown as a percentage of the total population of a country - dependency age is 0-15

Gender (Sex) Ratio: number of males per hundred females Gender Ratio Gender (Sex) Ratio: number of males per hundred females In general more males are born than females Males have higher death rates Examples: Europe and North America = 95:100 Rest of World = 102:100

Gender Ratio – Developing Countries Have large % of young people –where males generally outnumber females Lower % of older people – where females are typically more numerous High immigration = more males

Population Pyramids A country’s stage in Demographic Transition gives it a distinctive population structure Also called Age/Sex Pyramids

Population Pyramid Population composition on graph: Males = left side of the vertical axis Females = right side of the vertical axis Age = order sequentially with youngest at the bottom and oldest at the top (usually by five-year cohorts)

Rapid Growth, Poor Country A country in stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model Large number of young people and a smaller older population High infant mortality, short life expectancy, rapid population growth

Slow Growth A country in stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model Large number of “older people” Smaller % of young people

No Growth End of stage 4 Large number of “older people” Very small % of young people

Population Pyramid Summary for United States: 1950, 2025, 2050  

Population Pyramids Summary for India: 1991, 2003

One “weird” pyramid

Population Woes for East Asia Japan 1970s-BR 2.1/2015-BR 1.0 Japanese are living longer Highest proportion of elderly in the world Currently 20% of population is over 65 By 2040-40% will be over 65 WHAT WILL THEIR FUTURE PYRAMID RESEMBLE? Here you go…

China’s future China (1/5th of the world’s population)-1.36 billion One-Child Policy-implemented in 1979, prevented over 400 million births. Reduced TFR from 5.3 to 1.5 Fall in fertility rates due to improving economic and social factors in urban areas Late-term abortions encouraged Baby girls sold for average of $3,000/baby Couples are fined $3,000 per additional child beyond one in urban areas Rural families were allowed to have two children if first was a girl China now has one of the oldest populations in the world-30% over 50 yrs. old WHAT WILL THEIR FUTURE PYRAMID RESEMBLE?

The End of the “pyramid” (for developed countries) http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2014/11/daily-chart-10