THE CONSTITUTION Dror Timen

The Preamble The purpose of establishing the Constitution To form a more perfect union To create justice for all and to ensure domestic tranquility To provide for the common defense To establish welfare for all To secure liberty for the current generation and generations to come The Preamble

The Legislative Branch Article 1: Congress represents this branch of the government The Legislative Branch is made up by two houses, the Senate and House of Representatives The Legislative Branch

Section 2: The House of Representatives Each term is 2 years To qualify for an official position in this house, you must be at least 25 years old, a citizen of the U.S. for 7 years, and cannot represent the state in which he/she inhabits Each state shall have a minimum of 1 representative The amount of representatives per state is based on the population, with 1 representative per 30,000 citizens A census occurs every 10 years to change the number of representatives in the House Article 1: Section 2: The House of Representatives

17th amendment allowed for the direct election of senators Each term is 6 years Staggered system: 1/3 of the Senate is up for re-election every other year To qualify for the job, you must be at least 30 years old, a U.S. citizen for 9 years, and you cannot represent the state in which you inhabit The Vice President is the president of the Senate The officer in charge if the Vice President is absent is called the President Pro-Tempore Their main job is to keep the president in check through using impeachments and such Section 3: The Senate

Section 4 and 5: Elections and Meetings/ Rules and Procedures Opening day for Congress begins on the noon of January 3rd Each meeting must have a quorum (the minimum amount of people needed to attend a meeting for it to be valid) The rules that are established for the House are somewhat stricter than those of the Senate because of its size and because of the bonding tie that the House of Representatives has to the constitution Section 4 and 5: Elections and Meetings/ Rules and Procedures

Section 6: Privileges and Restrictions The Treasury pays Congress Speech and Debate Clause: outside of either house, representatives shall not be questioned in any case to prevent arrest or prosecution of legislators based on political views Judiciary branch cannot be politically involved Section 6: Privileges and Restrictions

Before a law becomes a law, it is a bill and must be approved and passed by congress A revenue bill is a form of a bill for raising revenue and must start at the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as in the case of other bills A revenue bill originates in the House of Representatives To become a law, a bill must be approved by the president and must be approved by at least 2/3 of congress A veto is the power for the president to reject a proposal for a bill made by congress Section 7: Passing Laws

Vetoes (1897-Present)

Section 8: Powers Granted to Congress The 18th amendment: the necessary and proper clause To make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers and all other powers vested by the constitution Powers granted to Congress: To borrow money on the credit of the United States To regulate commerce with foreign nations To establish a uniform rule of naturalization and laws To coin money, regulate the value of foreign currency, and fix the standards of weight and measurement To raise and support armies To preserve and maintain a navy Section 8: Powers Granted to Congress

Section 9: Powers denied to Congress Writ of Habeus Corpus: a document that orders a person held in custody to deliver the imprisoned person to court issuing the order and for showing validity to their detention A Bill of Attainder: act of legislature declaring a person guilty of a crime and punishing them without a trial Ex Post Facto: law that changes legal consequences of actions that were committed before the enactment of the law Titles of Nobility: no one under any form of position in office, without consent of congress, can accept any title or name Section 9: Powers denied to Congress

Section 10: Powers denied to the States States are not allowed to: Create their own currency Coin money Enter a treaty or alliance of any sort Lay imposts or duties on imports or exports Hold troops Lay duty of tonnage during times of peace Section 10: Powers denied to the States

Section 1: The Executive Branch Main people that make up this branch are the President and Vice President Each term is 4 years This branch is elected through a nationwide election that counts up votes towards the electoral college with representative who are voted for that are bound to voting for a specific party The 12th amendment was put into place to change the way that the President and Vice President are elected To qualify for the Vice President or President position you must be at least 35 years old, a citizen of the United States for at least 14 years and the candidate must be born in the United States The 25th amendment provides the Vice President succeeds to the presidency The Chief Justice administers the oath to the President Article 2: Section 1: The Executive Branch

Section 2 and 3: Powers/ Duties of the President The powers of the Executive Branch are: To schedule and run meetings or appointments for Congress Commander and Chief of the United States Armed Forces The Senate has the power to “advise and consent” to keep checks and balances in place The State of the Union address is an annual message to Congress Section 2 and 3: Powers/ Duties of the President

Section 4: Impeachment Impeachment is indictment by legislative bodies against high-ranking officials Both the President and Vice President can be impeached for crimes, misdemeanors and treason or briberies

Section 1: The Judicial Branch Lower courts and the Supreme Court makes up this branch Judges of these courts can serve until death or resignation The Founding Fathers gave this branch independence so that individuals could represent their individual views in a very large setting Article 3: Section 1: The Judicial Branch

Section 2: General Authority Supreme Court cases are heard on the basis of treaties, laws, court cases, and bills that are in the process of becoming a law Marbury v. Madison established judicial review Judicial Review is the process of the Supreme Courts assuring that laws are constitutional Appellate Jurisdiction- supreme court receiving the case first (not appealed) Original Jurisdiction- an appeal from another court Section 2: General Authority

Article 5: Amending the Constitution Proposing an amendment is more popular than ratifying one Proposing an amendment 2/3 of the House of Representatives and Senate agree on passing an amendment 2/3 of state legislation calls for a proposal Ratifying an amendment: ¾ of state legislatives must be needed to ratify ¾ of state conventions agree to ratify the amendment Article 5: Article 5: Amending the Constitution

Amendments to the Constitution

The 19th amendment protects the rights of women The 13th, 14th,15thand 24th amendments all protect the rights of African Americans US Senators were chosen by state legislators before the 17th amendment If a president would hypothetically sustain a life threatening injury/illness then the Vice President would take his place