THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE Dr. Afxendiou Global History and Geography 9 Sachem North High School

CAUSES OF THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE Long Term Causes The Scientific Revolution Europeans search for a sea route to Asia Immediate Causes Columbus and other Europeans arrive in the Americas Europeans bring new plants, animals and diseases to the Americas Europeans encounter new plants and animals in the Americas

EFFECTS OF THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE Immediate Effects Spanish defeat Aztec and Incan Empires Millions of Native Americans die from “European” diseases Enslaved Africans are sent to the Americas American foods, including corn and potatoes, are introduced into Europe Long Term Effects Spread of items such as horses, corn, potatoes, and sugar around the world Population growth in Europe, Africa and Asia Exchange of ideas, technology, arts, and language between Europe and the Americas Population migration from Europe to the Americas Growth of capitalism

The Triangular Trade

The Middle Passage - Slaves

THE MIDDLE PASSAGE 1450-1850 18th century 12 million Africans sent across Atlantic 10-11 million survive 18th century Height of trade 80 percent of total trade during this century Primarily young men for hard labor The continued high volume was necessary because of high slave mortality and low fertility

Slave Ship Interior Middle Passage –slave voyage from Africa to the Americas; a deadly and traumatic experience

“Coffin” Position: Onboard a Slave Ship