US IMPERIALISM Chapter 18 Notes

GUAM AND IMPERIALISM VIDEOS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cesSRfXqS1Q Guam will capsize https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASSOQDQvVLU Imperialism illustrated https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iya5aV2Vhvk APUSH imperialism review

ISOLATIONISM Avoiding involvement in other nations’ affairs

WHAT IS IMPERIALISM ? The practice of building an empire by founding or conquering other nations Why practice imperialism? Build naval bases to protect shipping Raw materials for industrial growth New markets to sell goods National pride

U.S. IMPERIALISM End of Isolationism Alfred Thayer Mahan The Influence of Sea Power Upon History Strong navy could protect economic interests abroad Economic growth would increase military power.

U.S. IMPERIALISM Alaska

U.S. IMPERIALISM - ALASKA U.S. buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million (2 cents per acre). People laugh at Sec. of State William Seward (call it Seward’s Folly”). Becomes 49th state in 1959 Johnson’s “Polar Bear Garden”

U.S. IMPERIALISM Hawaii

U.S. IMPERIALISM - HAWAII By 1840s, most of Hawaii’s sugar industry was owned by Americans U.S. supports American businessmen who own sugar plantations in Hawaii. Queen Lil took power (1893) and limited power of plantation owners Group overthrows Queen, installs pro-American government. U.S. annexes in 1898. Becomes 50th state in 1959

SPHERES OF INFLUENCE Areas where foreign nations could control trade and natural resources

OPEN DOOR POLICY IN CHINA Countries compete for Chinese resources. U.S. left out, John Hay calls for “Open Door Policy”. Everyone should get a piece of the “carved melon”.

SPANISH AMERICAN WAR Cubans fighting Spanish for Independence. American newspapers exaggerate stories.

YELLOW JOURNALISM Sensational, exaggerated news stories used to sell newspapers Called “yellow press” Joseph Pulitzer – New York World William Randolph Hearst – New York Journal

THE U.S.S. MAINE Sent in January 1898 to protect US citizens in Cuba Sunk February 15th by unknown explosion

SPANISH AMERICAN WAR US battleship Maine explodes in Havana harbor. US declares war on Spain. Congress passes Teller Amendment – U.S. has no interest in taking control of Cuba.

SPANISH AMERICAN WAR George Dewey defeats Spanish Philippines. TR’s Rough Riders take San Juan Hill in Cuba.

U.S. Imperialism

CUBAN “INDEPENDENCE” Anti-Imperialist League U.S. ideals forbid U.S. from becoming Imperialist Power. Temporary military government installed – Gen. Leonard Wood. Platt Amendment – limited Cuba’s right to make treaties, U.S. could intervene in affairs, had to lease land to U.S. for naval bases.

PANAMA CANAL A waterway connecting the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Reasons: Cut off 8000 miles of travel Quicker movement of military Easier trade with other nations

BUILDING THE CANAL Opened August 15, 1914 Cost $675 million Over 6,000 people died building the canal – mostly from malaria and yellow fever

PANAMA CANAL U.S. supports Panama’s break with Colombia. Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty – U.S. pays $10 million, plus $250,000 per year for 99 year lease of 10-mile wide canal zone.

MONROE DOCTRINE (1823) President James Monroe Stated that any act of aggression by Europe in the Western Hemisphere would be met with military response

U.S. FOREIGN POLICY Roosevelt: “Speak softly and carry a big stick”. Roosevelt Corollary (Monroe Doctrine) U.S. will be police force of Western Hemisphere.

ROOSEVELT COROLLARY The US will protect Latin American countries from European aggression The US will act as a Police force in the Western Hemisphere

DOLLAR DIPLOMACY Taft used $$$ to influence Latin America

U.S. FOREIGN POLICY Taft: dollar diplomacy Roosevelt: U.S. would use military strength to protect American investment in foreign countries. Wilson: U.S. had a moral obligation to promote democracy in Latin America.