1) Warm Up! Above are examples of Black Codes/Jim Crow Laws and the effects on society. Explain how these laws kept African-Americans from gaining the rights that they were Constitutionally “guaranteed?”

Reconstruction & its Aftermath 8-4 The South During Reconstruction

New Groups Take Charge: African Americans in Government 2) 2 of the first… New Groups Take Charge: African Americans in Government Republican Party dominated southern politics b/c AA’s could vote & now run 4 office Lots of states where more former slaves than former slave-owners Never controlled the gov’t but… held important positions in it Nat’l Level- 16 AA’s served in H of Reps & 2 in the Senate b/t 1869- 1880 Hiram Revels- AA Senator Ordained minister; recruited 4 Union Army, started school in St. Louis4 AA’s, elected to Senate in 1870 by Missouri Blanche K. Bruce- AA Senator Former runaway; became teacher in Missouri, 1869 became Superintendent in Mississippi, elected to Senate in 1874

New Groups Take Charge: Scalawags & Carpetbaggers 3&4) Frayer Models New Groups Take Charge: Scalawags & Carpetbaggers Scalawags- Means… scoundrel, or worthless rascal Southern whites supported Rep. policies Most were non-slave-holding farmers or business owners Opposed secession in 1st place Former rebels hated them 4 siding w/ Repubs Carpetbaggers- N whites who moved to S after war Also sided w/ Repubs Served as leaders of Repubs in S Called this cuz arrived w/ all stuff in cheap suitcases make of carpet fabric Some there just 4 $$$ & take advantage of situation Most were former Union soldiers looking 4 land, members of Freedmen’s Bureau, or N reformers hoping to help (lawyers, drs, teachers) Many in south accused both groups of leading corrupt new gov’t

New Groups Take Charge: Resistance to Reconstruction 5) Kept down how? New Groups Take Charge: Resistance to Reconstruction Most Southern whites hated idea of giving rts to AA’s Plantation owners tried 2 control AA’s any way they could Many told AA’s couldn’t leave plantation; still property No one would rent land to them Store owners refused to serve them Refused to give them work Used fear to keep them in line

New Groups Take Charge: The Ku Klux Klan 6) KKK? New Groups Take Charge: The Ku Klux Klan Violence was common to AA’s & anyone who supported them Most done by secret societies trying to stop AA’s from exercising their rts Hoped to regain white power Worst was KKK Formed in 1866 Launched midnight rides Burned homes, churches, schools Killed many AA’s & supporters… Murdering 1,000’s!!! Violence higher during election time; try to scare AA’s from voting 4 change KKK had support of many in South, esp. planters & Dems Justified actions as defense of their way of life What Is The Ku Klux Klan? (3:14) A brief run down of its history thru the “modern” KKK https://www.splcenter.org/hate-map Hate map linked to “burst”

New Groups Take Charge: Taking Action Against Violence Those opposed to terrorism begged federal gov’t 4 help 1870-1871… Pass laws 2 try 2 stop Klan Little 2 no success Most refused to testify against them b/c … fear they were next or they supported it Enough arrests were made 2 restore some order b4 the 1872 presidential election

Some Improvements Despite the violence… Created own schools Reconstruction brought change Esp. in education 4 both races AA’s saw it as step toward better life Created own schools Freedmen’s Bureau & charities played major role in spreading education N women and freed AA’s came to teach By 1870- 4,000 schools established w/ 200,000 students More than ½ teachers were AA’s

Some Improvements: Public Schools 7) Why more schools? Some Improvements: Public Schools 1870’s- began creating public school systems 4 both races Never existed b4!!! Enrollment… 50% of white children 40% of AA children Northern Missionary Societies est academies 4 higher education 4 AA’s Some become colleges & universities Morehouse College, Atlanta U Most kids went to segregated schools Schools separated by race Only LA, FL, SC required integration, but laws not enforced 8) Segregated vs. integrated

Some Improvements: Farming the Land 9) Visual Vocab Some Improvements: Farming the Land AA’s also wanted land Some got it from Freedmen’s Bureau Most failed 2 get own land Only option was sharecropping, where land was rented & tools, seeds, maybe even a shack 2 live in was given in exchange 4 percentage of harvest After paying percentage… Very little left 2 sell Barely enough 2 feed family To most… This was barely better than slavery CC Reconstruction and Sharecropping (3mins) 10) Do you see this as an improvement?

Exit Ticket 11) Exit Ticket How were African Americans “kept down” in the post civil war society in the south? Give examples