Chapter 2 Present and Past; Simple and Progressive

Warm Up Activity and Preview Complete exercise 1 on p. 13 Read explanation boxes on p. 14, 16, 20-21, 27, 29, 33, and 34 We will go over all of these points together

Jazz includes music from many eras. Use the simple present to talk about a situation that exists now, has existed in the past, and will probably exist in the future. Jazz includes music from many eras. music from the past? YES Use simple present JAZZ music from the present? YES music from the future? YES

The Simple Present Used to talk about REPEATED ACTIVITIES like habits, routines or scheduled events ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY AND TIME EXPRESSIONS are often used with the simple present (usually, every hour, once in awhile, occasionally) Example (Routine): I usually drink two cups of coffee in the morning. Example (Schedule): The bus comes every hour.

The Simple Present The simple present can also be used to DESCRIBE FACTUAL INFORMATION, such as GENERAL truths or definitions. Example (General Truth): Some babies don’t sleep at night. Example (Definition): A recliner is a comfortable chair that leans back.

The Simple Present

Present Continuous or Present Progressive Use Present Continuous to talk about: Activities in progress at this EXACT moment I’m drinking a cup of coffee right now. Activities in progress over a period of time I’m taking three classes. New or temporary situations I’m living with my parents until I get a job. To express complaints My brother is constantly drinking coffee. He should drink more water.

The Present Continuous Tense Affirmative: Play I Am Playing We Are You He/She/It Is They are

Practice Exercise 4 - p. 15 is washing washes usually sits is sitting am trying Do you always look am still waiting is shining shines wakes

Listening Practice CD1/7 Complete Exercise 5 – p. 15

Non-Progressive Verbs Some verbs are non-progressive (stative). They describe states – not actions. They are rarely used in progressive tenses. Example: I am knowing your cousin See p. 16 for common non-progressive (stative) verbs.

Non-Progressive Verbs Page 16 Some verbs can have both non-progressive and progressive meanings. I think that your cousin is nice. I’m thinking about my trip to Rome. See p. 16 for common verbs with both progressive and non- progressive meanings.

Practice Complete Exercise 9 & 10 (p. 18-19)

Let’s Practice Ex. 8 Page 17, Ex.9,10 Page 18,19 b Ex. 10 is beginning / don’t have / don’t own / is wearing / wear is doing / is being / doesn’t want / is always am looking / looks / has / isn’t having / A: do you like / does it need B: tastes / reminds A: are you looking B: look A: Do you think / resemble B: see am looking / is writing / is biting / is scratching / is staring / seems / is thinking / do you think / is doing

Read the paragraph about Jazz. Jazz music is a constantly evolving musical style and is characterized by the fact that it includes many different styles of music from many different eras. The word jazz was first used to refer to music in Chicago around 1915. However, jazz started far earlier than that. The roots of jazz began in the 1800s in early blues, a folk music which arose in part from the work songs of rural Blacks. This music was highly improvisational, a feature which remains fundamental to jazz today. In fact, a skilled jazz performer will interpret a tune in very individual ways and will rarely play a song exactly the same way twice.

A jazz band played at my sister’s wedding last week. Use the simple past to talk about an action that began and ended in the past. A jazz band played at my sister’s wedding last week. My sister’s wedding Right Now The band is not playing now. The band played.

Use the simple past for an activity that began and ended at a particular time in the past. Last week I listened to a famous jazz trumpeter at the local community college. NOW listened to the jazz player began and ended in the past

Simple Past Base form of verb + -ed I worked on this lesson plan last night. You did not complete your homework over the weekend. Did he pass his class? How did he pass his class?

Irregular Verbs Sometimes when we conjugate a verb to make it past tense, we don’t add the –ed ending. These are called IRREGULAR verbs, and there are a lot of them in the English language. You need to memorize them!

Look at the list of Irregular Verbs Page 20,21 Come - Came Do - Did Eat - Ate Get - Got Go - Went Have - Had Put - Put See - Saw Sit - Sat Sleep - Slept Stand - Stood Write - Wrote Read - Read (pronounced “red”) See p. 20-21 for more irregular verbs

Let’s Practice Exercise 15: pair work, p. 24 Complete Exercise 16 (listening), p. 24 Complete Exercise 18 (listening), p. 25 Complete Exercise 20 (listening), p. 26

Pronunciation of –ed Ending Page 27 Determined by the SOUND at the end of the base form of the verb. Voiceless: sounds like /t/ Looked Clapped Missed Watched Voiced: sounds like /d/ Smelled Saved Played /t/ and /d/: sounds like /ed/ Decided Needed

Let’s Practice Page 27 Exercise 21 (listening), p. 27

Use the past progressive for activities that were in progress at a particular time in the past. Later in the early 1900s, as black musicians were beginning to play music at dances and clubs, ragtime developed. NOW playing music at clubs ragtime developed

Past Progressive Use Past Progressive to express an activity in progress over an extended period of time in the past. The activity began before a specific point in time and MAY or MAY NOT have continued after that time. I was studying at 8’oclock last night.

Past Progressive Use Past Progressive to express an activity in progress over an extended period of time in the past The activity may have been ongoing or may have stopped and started repeatedly. They were working on the project for two years.

Past Progressive Use Past Progressive to describe background activities happening at the same time as the main event in a story. The main event is in simple past. The background activities are in past progressive It was raining hard outside. I was sleeping and my roommate was taking a shower. At exactly 7 a.m., there was a huge clap of thunder. I jumped up as the house shook violently.

Simple Past vs. Past Progressive Simple past = emphasizes the COMPLETION of an event. The event happened and is over and done with. Past continuous = emphasizes an activity or process that started in the past. The activity may or may not have been completed.

Practice 2 Complete each sentence with the correct past tense form of the verb. Many different musical styles _________________ (contribute) to the development of jazz. 2. Early jazz musicians________________ (combine) folk music, work songs, and rag-time. 3. During the middle of the 20th century, jazz _________________ (influence) not only musical styles, but also cultural styles in many parts of the country. 4. By the 1980s and 1990s, people all over the world ________________________ ( listen) to jazz music. contributed combined was influencing were listening

Let’s Practice Page 30 Exercise 27 was sitting called wasn’t was studying didn’t hear was sleeping was shining was blowing were singing were arguing walked opened found was reading fell closed sneaked/snuck A: Did you hear B: wasn’t listening was thinking was snowing was shining were shoveling was lying

Let’s Talk Page 31 Exercise 28: Work with a partner

Progressive Verbs with always In sentences referring to present time, sometimes the simple present is used with always to describe habitual or everyday activities. Mary always leaves for school at 7:45. In special circumstances, a speaker may use the present progressive with always (or forever/constantly) to express annoyance: Mary is always leaving her dirty socks on the floor. I am constantly picking up Mary’s dirty socks.

Practice Page 33-34 Exercise 35: Use your own words.

Using Expressions of Place with Progressive Verbs Page 34 In usual word order, an expression of place follows a verb. She’s studying IN HER ROOM. (Emphasizes her activity) An expression of place can sometimes come between the helping be and the –ing verb. Mary is IN HER ROOM studying. (Emphasizes her location)

Let’s Practice Page 34-35 Exercise 37 She’s in her room listening to music. He’s listening to music in the living room. He was in his bedroom watching TV. He was watching TV in his bedroom. He’s taking a nap on the couch in the living room. He’s on the couch in the living room taking a nap. She’s attending a conference in Singapore. Complete Exercise 38, p. 35

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