3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

Essential Question What are the structures of the nervous system? 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 2

Introduction: Structures of the nervous system 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 3

Cellular structures of the nervous system Neuron- a nerve cell Extensions of the neuron Dendrites - many Axon - one 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 4

Cellular structures of the nervous system Neuron- a nerve cell Myelin sheath - a special covering of the axon Synapse – the space between neurons 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 5

Structures of the nervous system Central nervous system Brain Spinal cord 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 6

Structures of the nervous system Peripheral nervous system Nerves Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Sensory receptors

Structures of the Central Nervous System: BRAIN 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 8

Structures of the central nervous system:BRAIN Cerebrum Divided into two hemispheres (right and left) Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 9

Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Diencephalon Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain Structures Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal body Pituitary gland 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 10

Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Diencephalon Thalamus – spherical mass of gray matter; deep in the cerebral hemispheres Hypothalamus – lies below the thalamus; part of the limbic system Pineal body – endocrine system gland Pituitary gland – endocrine system gland 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 11

Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Limbic system Located in the center of the brain Encircles the top of the brain stem. 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other intricate structures. (Informational only for reference.) 12

Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Cerebellum 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 13

Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Brain stem Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 14

Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Meninges Dura mater Outermost layer Arachnoid Middle layer Pia mater Innermost layer 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 15

Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN Ventricles: lined cavities deep within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid Choroid plexus – rich network of blood vessels 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 16

Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal Cord Surrounded by the vertebrae, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid 17

Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal Cord Peripheral nervous system 12 cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 18

VIII. Vestibulocochlear IX. Glossopharyngeal X. Vagus XI. Accessory I. Olfactory II. Optic III. Oculomotor IV. Trochlear V. Trigeminal VI. Abducens VII. Facial VIII. Vestibulocochlear IX. Glossopharyngeal X. Vagus XI. Accessory XII. Hypoglossal Cranial nerves 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 19

Structures of the central nervous system Peripheral nervous system 31 pairs of spinal nerves 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 20

Structures of the central nervous system Anterior View Peripheral nervous system 12 cranial nerves 31 pairs of nervous 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system Posterior view 21

Structures of the central nervous system Motor system Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Somatic nervous system

Structures of the central nervous system Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Extends from the base of the brain, along both sides of the spinal column These nerves connect to all internal organs Parasympathetic nervous system The vagus nerve connects the medulla with organs of the upper body The pelvic nerve emerges from the spinal cord and connects with the organs of the lower body 23

Structures of the central nervous system Somatic nervous system These nerves are located along the spinal cord. Connect skeleton, muscles and joints to the brain.

Structures of the central nervous system Check your knowledge… 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 25

Structures of the nervous system Remember this! 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 26

Essential question What are the structures of the nervous system? 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 27