1. Central Nervous System
Week 11
Central Nervous System
The Brain
Human
Brain
Brain
Sheep

2. OBJECTIVES
Identify the components of the human brain using models and diagrams
Identify the cranial nerves
Identify the structures of the sheep brain

3. Objective 1: Anatomy of the human brain and cranial nerves
Cerebrum
(gold area)
Diencephalon
(Violet area)
Cerebellum
(pink area)
Brain stem
(green area)

4. Cerebrum

5. Structures of the Cerebrum
Cerebral Hemispheres
Fissure
Left Hemisphere
Right Hemisphere
Gyrus
Sulcus
Frontal cut
Ventricles
Gray Matter – Cerebral cortex & Basal nuclei
White Matter – Myelinated fiber tracts (axons)

6. Pyramidal Cells of Cerebral Cortex
Histology - Recap
Recap:
Pyramidal Cells of Cerebral Cortex

7. Structures of the Cerebrum Human Brain, Lateral View
Parieto-occipital Sulcus
Central
sulcus
Gyrus
Parietal lobe
Occipital
lobe
Frontal
lobe
Temporal lobe
Transverse
Fissure
Lateral
sulcus

8. Structures of the Cerebrum Human Brain, Superior View
Postcentral
gyrus
Precentral
gyrus
Central sulcus
Longitudinal
fissure
Frontal
pole
Occipital
pole

9. Midsagittal Section of Human Brain
Corpus Callosum
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Fornix
Septum pellucidum
Occipital lobe

10. Internal Structures of the Cerebrum
Frontal Section
Longitudinal fissure
Corpus callosum
Septum pellucidum
Lateral Ventricles
Fornix

11. Functional areas of the Cerebral Cortex

12. Functional areas of the cerebrum Cerebral (Basal) Nuclei
Initiate, regulate, monitor intensity of & stop movements
Maybe help in regulating attention and in cognition
Coordination

13. Diencephalon

14. Functions of the Diencephalon
Endocrine System
Relay Stations
Thalamus

15. Structures of & related to the Diencephalon
Midsagittal Section
Corpus callosum
Fornix
Thalamus
Pineal body/ gland
Intermediate
mass
Hypothalamus
Mammillary body

16. Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Infundibulum
Pituitary gland
Sella Turcica

17. Brainstem

18. Midbrain: Corpora quadrigemina Superior colliculi Inferior colliculi
Cerebral peduncle
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord

19. Brainstem Posterior Pineal body/ gland Corpora quadrigemina
Superior colliculus
Corpora quadrigemina
Inferior colliculus

20. Structures of the Brainstem
Inferior View
Optic chiasma
Infundibulum
Mammilary Bodies
Midbrain
(Cerebral peduncle)
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord

21. Cerebellum
“Little Brain”

22. Cerebellum
Histology - Recap
Purkinje Cells

23. Structures of the Cerebellum
Midsagittal Section
Cerebellar Peduncles
Fourth
ventricle
Arbor
Vitae

24. Ventricles & Meninges

25. Meninges of the Brain

26. Meninges of the Brain A mnemonic
PAD from deep to superficial the layers of the meninges are pia, arachnoid, dura (they pad the brain)

28. The spaces within the brain through which cerebrospinal fluid flows
Ventricles of the Brain
The spaces within the brain through which cerebrospinal fluid flows

29. Die-cast model
Cerebrospinal fluid is continually produced by the choroid plexus found in the ventricles

30. Cerebral Aqueduct
Third Ventricle
Fourth Ventricle

31. Coronal Section of Brain
Ventricles
Coronal Section of Brain
Corpus callosum
Lateral
ventricles
Dien-ceph-alon
Dien-ceph-alon
Third
ventricle

32. Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation
Superior sagittal sinus
Arachnoid villus
Choriod plexus
Subarachnoid space
Lateral ventricles
Vein ?
(?) ventricle ?
(?) ventricle

33. Cranial
Nerves

34. 12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves
Filaments of Olfactory nerve (I)
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory tract
Optic nerve (II)
Optic chiasma
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Optic tract
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Abducens nerve (VI)
Trigeminal nerve (V)
Facial nerve (VII)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Vagus nerve (X)
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Accessory nerve (XI)
On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny - Very Good Vehicle AnyHow
Oh, Oh, Oh - To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet - AH!

35. The Real Thing Nerve (VI) Olfactory Bulb (I) Optic Nerve (II)
Oculomotor
Nerve (III)
Trigeminal
Nerve (V)
Trochlear Nerve (IV)
Abducens
Nerve (VI)
Facial Nerve (VII)
Glosso-
Pharyngeal
(IX)
Vestibulo-
cochlear
Nerve (VIII)
Vagus (X)
Hypoglossal
Nerve (XII)
Accessory
Nerves (XI)

36. FUNCTIONS

37. End Objective 1

38. Objective 2: Sheep Brain Dissection

39. Identify the external structures1
Identify the external structures
Inferior
Sheep brain structures are the same as the human brain, only slightly different sizes

40. Same structures as human brain, only slightly different size2
Remove Dura mater (w/ pituitary gland) Identify the external structures
Superior
Same structures as human brain, only slightly different size 40

41. Identify the external structures
Inferior

42. Pull back the cerebellum to reveal Corpora Quadrigemina & Pineal Gland3
Pull back the cerebellum to reveal
Corpora Quadrigemina & Pineal Gland

43. Make a midsagittal cut through the brain4
Make a midsagittal cut through the brain
                                                                                 

44. 5
              
                                                                                 
Brainstem
Diencephalon

45. Identify the internal structures
Midsagittal

46. Identify the internal structures
Midsagittal
Lateral Ventricle
Fourth Ventricle
Cerebral Aqueduct
Third Ventricle

47. You may begin!