Today’s AIM: What were the major causes of early European exploration and migration to the Americas?

THE IMPACT ON NATIVE PEOPLES COLONIZATION AND THE IMPACT ON NATIVE PEOPLES PEOPLE MIGRATED TO NORTH AMERICA EUROPEANS EXPLORED SPANISH BRITISH FRENCH DUTCH

But, how did we get here?

LAND BRIDGE BETWEEN NORTH AMERICA AND ASIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE HAS BEEN DISCOVERED THAT SHOWS THE SEA LEVELS WERE LOWER AND EXPOSED A LAND BRIDGE CALLED the Bering Strait BETWEEN THE TWO CONTINENTS ABOUT 70,000 YEARS AGO EXPERTS GIVE DIFFERENT EXACT ARRIVAL DATES FOR HUMANS BUT THE EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT HUMANS LIVED THROUGHOUT NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA BY 10,000 B.C.E. LAND BRIDGE ASIA NORTH AMERICA

Bering Strait

How did Native Americans adapt to the geography of their surroundings? GEOGRAPHY HELPED SHAPE CULTURES AMONG THE DIVERSE NATIVE AMERICAN PEOPLES IN THE SOUTHWEST OF NORTH AMERICA, TRIBES TENDED TO SETTLE IN ONE PLACE AND PRACTICE AGRICULTURE IN THE GREAT PLAINS, TRIBES HUNTED LARGE GAME LIKE BUFFALO AS WELL AS CULTIVATING FOOD IN THE EAST, TRIBES USED THE VARIOUS WATER SOURCES FOR TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND FISHING AS WELL AS RAISING CROPS

4 6 5 2 3 1 Olmec Aztec Mayan Inca Hohokam & Anasazi Adena, Hopewell, Mississippian 6 5 2 3 1 4

Indigenous Peoples of South America Olmecs — 1st Empire in the Americas (southern Mexico) Maya — Yucatan Peninsula. Developed a written language and a calendar. Aztec — Central Mexico, Present day Mexico City. Built great cities, pyramids, and irrigation systems. Inca — Western coast of South America. Created a highway system.

Large cities – Tenochtitlan (build 1325) Warrior culture Aztecs Aztec Pyramids Human Sacrifice Large cities – Tenochtitlan (build 1325) 200,000 people by 1500 Gold Central Mexico

Mayas Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Mexico accurate calendar studied astronomy Maize (corn) Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Mexico built pyramids

Located in Peru and Andes Mountains Incas Machu Pichu Built Road Network Gold Located in Peru and Andes Mountains Terrace Farming Quipu

Other Native Peoples in America Hohokam & Anasazi —introduced crops into the deserts of the southwest US. Adena, Hopewell, Mississippian —Great lakes to gulf of Mexico. Excelled in trade and architecture. Built huge burial mounds as big as pyramids.

IN THE MIDDLE AGES EUROPEAN COUNTRIES EXPANDED BEYOND THEIR BORDERS… AFTER THE CRUSADES INTRODUCED EUROPE TO THE SPICES AND RICHES OF AFRICA AND ASIA, SEVERAL COUNTRIES DESIRED A MORE DIRECT ROUTE SINCE THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE CONTROLLED THE TRADE ROUTES AND PRICES. SPAIN, PORTUGAL, ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND THE NETHERLANDS BEGAN SEARCHING FOR NEW ROUTES VIA THE OCEAN! SEARCHING FOR A SHORTCUT

Think-Pair-Share: Why did the Europeans want to expand?? EXPLORE THE WORLD EXPAND TRADE MORE TERRITORY SPREAD CHRISTIANITY WEALTH REASONS FOR EUROPEAN EXPANSION

MANY OF THOSE DESIRES FOR EXPLORATION HAD ALREADY EXISTED FOR CENTURIES, SO WHAT CHANGED? 1543 GLOBE NEW TECHNOLOGY: COMPASS GLOBE RUDDER IMPROVED SHIP BUILDING TECHNIQUES AND DESIGN QUADRANT (IMPROVED ABILITY TO DETERMINE LATITUDE BASED ON ALTITUDE OF STARS) MAPS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES MARCO POLO’S WRITINGS