Aim: what are the long-term effects of tobacco smoke and secondhand smoke? Do Now: Warm Up Page 410

Refresh Your Memory ___________, ________ and ______________are the most dangerous chemicals in tobacco smoke. Tobacco contains more than _________chemicals. Some chemicals exist ___________ in tobacco. Others are __________when tobacco is processed. Others form when tobacco is ___________. ____________ and __________ are smokeless tobacco products.

Vocabulary Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Chronic Bronchitis Emphysema Leukoplakia Mainstream Smoke Sidestream Smoke Secondhand Smoke

Long-Term Risks 400,000 deaths occur a year due to cigarette smoke. Diseases such as: Respiratory Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Different Forms Cancer Statistics show that more than 6 million children living today may die early because of smoking cigarettes beginning in high school.

Respiratory Diseases Tar sticks to cilia and prevents them from moving, damaging them over time. This allow for dust, mucus and tobacco smoke toxins to accumulate in the airways. These factors also irritate the bronchi. They become inflamed, restricting the amount of air that can enter and leave the lungs.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Disease that results in a gradual loss of lung function. COPD develops slowly. COPD has severe effects. Difficulty filling lungs Gasping for air when climbing stairs Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis are types of COPD. People usually have both.

Chronic Bronchitis Disease in which the airways are always inflamed. Mucus-producing cells increase in size and number, producing more and more mucus. The constriction of the airways and overproduction of mucus make breathing difficult.

Emphysema Your lungs contain alveoli (air sacs). They expand with oxygen and contract when pushing out carbon dioxide. Tobacco smoke damages alveoli tissue. This leads to emphysema- a disorder in which alveoli in the lungs can no longer function properly. This disorder causes the alveoli to lose shape and elasticity. Eventually the alveoli walls start to break down. This reduces the area in which gas exchange can occur. People with emphysema are always short of breath.

COPD Treatments 90% of all COPD deaths stem from cigarette smoking. There is NO cure for COPD. Treatments focus on relieving symptoms and slowing the progress of the disease. Possible Treatments: Medications that open the airway. Breathing exercises. Oxygen treatments. Lung transplants in severe cases.

Cardiovascular Disease Responsible for 138,000 deaths of tobacco smokers every year. A smoker is 2-3 times more likely to have a heart attack than a nonsmoker. Cigarette smoking doubles a person’s chances of suffering a stroke. Smokers are 10 times more likely to develop circulation problems in blood vessels that bring blood to stomach, kidneys, legs and feet. The combination of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide force the cardiovascular system to work harder to deliver oxygen throughout the body.

Cardiovascular Disease Tobacco uses raises BP – this weakens blood vessels and places strain on many organs. Tobacco increases blood cholesterol leading to atherosclerosis (the thickening and hardening of artery walls). Nicotine increases the blood’s tendency to clot, leading to strokes and heart attacks.

Cancer Tobacco use is a major factor in: Lung cancer Oral cancers Various other cancers Factors influencing a tobacco user’s risk of developing cancer include: When the person started using tobacco How much tobacco have they used How often the person is exposed to other’s people smoke

Lung Cancer Leading cause of cancer death in men and women. 85% of lung cancer deaths are due to smoking Only 15% of lung cancer patients survive for more than five years

Oral Cancer 90% of oral cancers occur in people who use or have used tobacco Survival rate is higher however, surgery to remove the cancer is usually disfiguring Tobacco users may develop white patches on their tongues or the lining of their mouths called leukoplakia. These sores can become cancerous.

Other Cancers Esophagus Larynx Stomach Pancreas Kidney Bladder Blood

Secondhand Smoke Mainstream smoke- exhaled from a smoker’s lungs Sidestream smoke- smoke that goes directly in the air from the cigarette. Which is worse? Why? The combination of mainstream and sidestream smoke is called secondhand smoke.

Dangers of Secondhand Smoke Cardiovascular Disease Respiratory Problems Cancer Secondhand smoke increases the risk of a sudden heart attack 30%. 50,000 deaths a year from heart attacks and lung cancer due to secondhand smoke. Children are more vulnerable to secondhand smoke. 300,000 respiratory infections

Tobacco Use and Pregnancy Pregnant women who smoke put their babies at risk of many health problems. A baby’s heart rate is increased, oxygen supply is reduced and cell growth slows. Babies born to mothers who smoke weigh on average 6 ounces less than the babies of nonsmokers. Cerebral palsy Sight impairment Hearing problems Learning difficulties Miscarriages, premature births and stillbirths are very common. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome- unexplained disorder in which a seemingly healthy babies die suddenly.

Review What are three long-term health risks associated with smoking? Describe leukoplakia. Why should it be monitored by a healthcare professional? Identify three health risks associated with exposure to secondhand smoke. List four problems for which babies of smoking mothers are at risk.