Topic 14 WWII Notes 14.1: Aggression Overseas and Isolationism at Home MOST COUNTRIES WERE IN A DEPRESSION AFTER WWI & THROUGH THE 1930’S. I. Italy controlled by Mussolini & Facist party A. governed through fear & terror B. invaded Ethiopia II. Germany very bitter: Hitler & Nazi Party came to power A. Hitler- dictator- charismatic speaker- strong leader B. Jews used as a scapegoat for Germany’s problems- deprived of citizenship Many were sent to concentration camps over 11 million people perished in the camps including 6 million Jews- wanted “Supreme” white race

III. Japan military leader, Tojo controlled country III. Vladimir Lenin set up a communist government in the Soviet Union. Josef Stalin communist dictator- executed many Soviets III. Japan military leader, Tojo controlled country Totalitarian state- dictatorship A. needed natural resources B. invaded Manchuria Josef Stalin- Soviet leader Military leader-Hideki Tojo Japanese Emperor Hirohito

IV. U. S. passed the 1935 Neutrality Acts and continued with IV. U.S. passed the 1935 Neutrality Acts and continued with isolationism. FDR implemented the Good Neighbor Policy withdrawing troops from Latin American- better relations

14.2: Entering the War I. Japan invades China- bombing and killing many, threatened US controlled Philippines II. Hitler annexed Austria, claimed Sudetenland,- 1938 Munich Conference-Britain and France gave in to aggression- appeasement. Nazi-Soviet Pact- agreed not to invade each other and divided up Poland- Hitler launched a blitzkrieg against Poland. Stalin took Eastern Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

III. Britain and France declared war when Poland taken; September 1939 A. Italy & Japan joined Germany with 6 other countries made up Axis Powers B. Britain, France, Soviet Union, US and 45 other countries would make up the Allies C. neutral countries, Spain & Switzerland, Portugal, & Ireland IV. Hitler invaded & conquered most of Europe. Battle of Britain blitzkrieg

V. The US neutral but supported the Allies A. The U.S. could sell arms to Allies under the Cash and Carry Plan B. FDR wins 3rd presidential term C. Lend Lease Act: sold old war ships to Allies D. Hitler invades Soviet Union, Soviets join the Allies E. Atlantic Charter- right of all people to form their own government

VI. Japan invading in Asia (Pacific) A. Us freezes Japanese assets & property in US, oil embargo B. Japan Bombs Pearl Harbor: Pearl Harbor –Dec. 7, 1941- 2,400 killed C. Us declares war on Japan, Japan’s allies declare war on US D. The US economy turned to war time, men entered the war, & patriotic feeling E. Japan successful in Pacific F. Bataan Death March, Japanese capture, starve, beat, shoot US & Philippine soldiers on march to POW camp

Pearl Harbor Dec.7, 1941 http://www.history.com/topics/pearl-harbor 1 minute 1,102 sailors inside the USS Arizona

If time, more Pearl Harbor and USS Arizona Memorial and below. Watch in this order. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHpp3EKUHzs Pearl Harbor 8 ½ min. http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor/videos/attack-pearl-harbor?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false 2 min. Hist. Channel with FDR address http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor/videos/the-survivors-share Hist. channel good- 5 min. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qhznCrg5eQ 7 min. Kamikaze British news channel If time, more Pearl Harbor and USS Arizona Memorial and below. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1kixqRwvK0 6 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pdsodoJaao 3 min. Memorial https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyoIpKGEw8M 2 min. Survivors

Bataan Death March- Bataan Peninsula in Philippines. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPlfhVEw-7U Bataan Death March 2 ½ min

Allied General in charge of Pacific: General Douglas MacArthur Allied General in charge of Europe: General Dwight Eisenhower

14.3: The Home Front 15 million Americans served in the military. I. Men were drafted and trained, both sexes volunteered. . II. War Production Board: tanks, planes, uniforms, bullets,… . US rationed goods, gas, food, tires, shoes, (Office of Price Administration) & people recycled- many grew victory gardens III. At home women were known as “Rosie the Riveters” – went to work in the factories

B. worked in big cities for industries IV. African Americans A. Executive Order 8802: outlawed job discrimination in industries with gov’t contracts B. worked in big cities for industries C. military segregation and segregation at home- Double V campaign D. Tuskegee Airman- successful pilots http://www.havefunwithhistory.com/movies/tuskegeeAirmen.html 9 min. http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/tuskegee-airmen 5 min.

V. Discrimination at Home A. Japanese Americans on West Coast put in internment camps Nisei Japanese Americans born in US- 442 Regimental Combat Team- most highly decorated military unit in US history 1942-1945 (1988 Sup. Ct. gave each $20,000 & apologized) http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor/videos/japanese-american-soldiers-in-wwii?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false 4 min http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/japanese-american-relocation/videos/japanese-internment-in-america 3 min.

C. German and Italian Americans were discriminated against- C. German and Italian Americans were discriminated against- curfews, travel restriction D. Bracero Program- recruited Mexican laborers to come work in the US

14.4 I. Germany invaded Soviet Union in the winter of 1942. A. turning point, fighting on 2 fronts (east and west) B. Nazi soldiers froze, told not to retreat C. Russian civilians paid dearly- more than one million died in the fall of Leningrad

II. Japanese successful in the Pacific at first II. Japanese successful in the Pacific at first. General in charge of the Pacific General MacArthur A. Japan takes the Philippines and Bataan Peninsula- Bataan Death March B. Battle of Midway hurt the Japanese Navy- turning point for US

III. May 1943 Allied forces control North Africa and headed for Italy A. Italians arrest Mussolini and execute him B. Italy surrenders Sept. 1943 IV. Soviets force the Germans to surrender at Stalingrad in 1943- pushing to Germany

B. Allies liberate Paris, France in August 1944 IV. June 6, 1944 Operation Overlord- General in charge of Europe Eisenhower A. Allied troops storm 5 beaches in Normandy, heavy Allied losses (3 million US troops prepare for war) B. Allies liberate Paris, France in August 1944 C. Battle of the Bulge Nov. 1944- slowed Allies march to Berlin D. FDR wins a 4th term in 1944, but dies in April 1945. Vice President Harry Truman becomes president. E. The Big 3 meet several times during the war: US (FDR), Britain (Churchill) and Soviet Union (Stalin). When FDR dies Truman takes his place. F. May 8, 1945: V-E Day= Victory in Europe: Hitler committed suicide before captured. Big 3- Churchill, FDR, Stalin

http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor/videos/d-day-invasion-of-normandy?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false 3 min copy and paste it for it to work D-Day June 6, 1944

War in the Pacific- US strategy was island hopping I. In the Pacific the US used Najavo Code Talkers Japanese pilots crashed their planes into US ships: Kamikaze US captured Iwo Jima and Okinawa- Japanese- fight to the death II. The Atomic Bomb A. A. Einstein warned that Germany was developing a destructive weapon B. Manhattan Project was the secret work on the A Bomb C. July 1945, US tested Atomic Bomb in New Mexico- main physicist Robert Oppenheimer

III. Should Truman give the OK to drop the bomb? A. save American lives & money B. didn’t want Soviet Union helping in the Pacific C. Truman sent warning to Japanese gov’t about weapon of mass destruction D. August 6, 1945: US drops A bomb on Hiroshima, Japan E. 80,000 dead & thousands injured, but no surrender F. August 9, 1945: US drops A bomb on Nagasaki, Japan G. Japanese Emperor Hirohito demanded the military surrender H. V-J Day Aug. 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jY9VwCE_Dsg Nat. Geo. 15 min http://mrsbrookshistoryclass.weebly.com/chapter-27.html Robert Oppenheimer- Lead physicist for A-Bomb http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor/videos/atomic-bomb?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false 2 min

lV. Aftermath of deadliest war in history 30-60 deaths- fought on land, sea, and in air million A. Bataan Death March- Japan captured the Philippines in 1942, forcing 75,000 American and Filipino soldiers to march 65 miles- 10,000 died on the way. B. Holocaust: 6 million Jews killed by Nazis & 5 million Poles, gypsies, homosexuals, disabled ect…anyone not fitting Hitler’s “Master Race” was an enemy of the state and sent to concentration camps, some were exterminated, slave labor, experiments, gas chambers, executions etc… Many had nowhere to go after the war.

C. Nuremburg Trials: high ranking Nazis put on trial war crimes some executed, some imprisoned, some hid, some fled to other countries. To the other thousands of German military personal they were told, if you know something is morally wrong, don’t participate. D. Japanese leaders imprisoned or executed for war crimes

Super Powers After the war: US and Soviet Union (USSR) Eastern Europe was invaded by the Soviets. Will they leave or spread communism?

Good site with explanations The Holocaust Explained http://www.theholocaustexplained.org/ks3/what-was-the-holocaust/#.WHZ32lMrLIU Good site with explanations The Holocaust Explained http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/auschwitz http://www.history.com/topics/the-holocaust/videos#death-of-hitler http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/the-holocaust/videos/concentration-camp-liberation?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false 3 min Liberation History channel http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor/videos/arnold-ropeik-on-the-concentration-camps?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false 3min

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b293Ok7FLV4 7 min PBS lasting effects of radiation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_IR50DIVKQ 7 ½ min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDR0MAscaCw Homefront 7 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZxz7Op0D64 Skip long intro go to 2 ½ min in effects and survivor 22min