MIDDLE AGES: NORMAN CONQUEST OF BRITAIN BY WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR

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Presentation transcript:

MIDDLE AGES: NORMAN CONQUEST OF BRITAIN BY WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR 1066 – BATTLE OF HASTINGS EXPLAINED IN THE BAYEUX TAPESTRY

Background of England The Romans The Saxons The Vikings Rome controlled England until 410 The Saxons Also Angles, and Jutes Britain became England The Vikings Invasion begins in the 9th Century

Background of Normandy The Romans The Franks The Vikings The Duchy of Normandy

WILLIAM DUKE OF NORMANDY vs HAROLD GODWINSON ANGLO-SAXON KING

The Battle of Hastings 1066

THE BAYEUX TAPESTRY 230 FEET LONG!!

Significance William the Conqueror was the first to completely take over Britain Dramatically altered the history of Europe Demonstrates a successful Amphibious Operation

Leaders Defeated the Welsh in a series of campaigns (1062-63) King Harold II William I Defeated the Welsh in a series of campaigns (1062-63) Began fighting battles at the age of 19 Secured Normandy in 1047 after The Battle of Val-ès-Dunes

Comparing Forces 6,000 Infantry 1,200 Housecarls English Normans 6,000 Infantry 40 days of service Farming tools Kite shields 1,200 Housecarls Possibly a few archers No Cavalry 700 ships 7,500 Infantry Battleaxe or Lance Kite Shield 3,600 Knights Battleaxe, Spear, and Sword 1,000 Archers 100 yard range

Norwegian Invasion September 1066 Harald Hardrada King of Norway Tostig Godwinson Half Brother of Harold Ended 25 September Battle of Stamford Bridge

Battle of Stamford Bridge

Battle of Stamford Bridge

Battle of Stamford Bridge

Battle of Stamford Bridge

Norman Invasion 28 September – Landed near Pevensey Harold rushed south William set up camp overlooking Hastings 13 October Harold lead his troop to Senlac Hill 7 miles NW of Hastings William went on the defense

Levels of War Policy Strategic Operational Tactical Policy Strategic King Harold II William the Conqueror Policy Protect England Strategic Destroy Enemy Operational Senlac Hill Tactical Ambush Policy Conquer England Strategic Take London Operational Land forces at Pevensey Tactical Offensive/Defense

14 October 1066

Infantry

Archers

Cavalry

The Aftermath After Harold Dies – English Army Collapses Norman Reinforcement Arrived Marched to London Saxon delegation surrender to William in Berkhamstead William was crowned King of England on Christmas Day, 1066 Later defeated the Scots and Welsh

WILLIAM I – KING OF ENGLAND 1066-1087

DOOMSDAY BOOK - Commissioned by William I of England in 1085

WILLIAM I CHANGED ENGLAND IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS: CLAIMED ALL OF ENGLAND HIS PERSONAL POSSESSION (KEPT 20% of Land for Himself) GRANTED 200 NORMAN LORDS LAND AFTER SWEARING OATH OF LOYALTY WILLIAM UNIFIED ENGLAND MADE FRENCH THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE! STAYED THAT WAY FOR 300 YEARS!!