Please sit in your assigned seats and quietly follow the directions below: Answer the following question in your bell ringer notebook: What does nationalism mean? What about sectionalism? Take your best guess! (Hint: think about what “nation” and “section” mean)

USHC Standard 2: The student will demonstrate an understanding of how economic developments and the westward movement impacted regional differences and democracy in the early nineteenth century. USHC 2.1: Summarize the impact of the westward movement on nationalism and democracy, including the expansion of the franchise, the displacement of Native Americans from the southeast and conflicts over states’ rights and federal power during the era of Jacksonian democracy as the result of major land acquisitions such as the Louisiana Purchase, the Oregon Treaty, and the Mexican Cession.

MAIN IDEA: Westward expansion both intensified nationalism and worsened sectionalism as competing regional interests agreed on expansion but differed on policies of the federal government such as cheap land, internal improvements, the support for industry through tariff policy and the expansion of slavery.

NATIONALISM: devotion and loyalty to one’s own nation

SECTIONALISM: excessive or narrow-minded concern for local or regional interests as opposed to the interests of the whole

How did westward expansion affect nationalism How did westward expansion affect nationalism? • Westward expansion impacted the growth of nationalism by promoting the ideal of the hardy pioneer as the iconic American and the common man as the embodiment of democracy • Expansion fueled the nationalist idea of Manifest Destiny • Manifest Destiny: the late 19th century belief or doctrine that it was the destiny of the U.S. to expand its territory over the whole of North America and to extend and enhance its political, social, and economic influences

How did westward expansion fit into the Constitution How did westward expansion fit into the Constitution? • Jefferson pursued the purchase of Louisiana despite his misgivings over the constitutionality of such a purchase • Jefferson’s loose interpretation of the elastic clause of the Constitution set the precedent for future land acquisitions

How did westward expansion affect democracy How did westward expansion affect democracy? • The addition of new lands insured the spread of democracy as new territories became states of the Union on equal terms as the original thirteen states by the Northwest Ordinance • The right to vote, originally reserved to property owners, was enjoyed by most American males as the government sold land at increasingly cheaper prices • Political campaigns became a popular pastime and voting a festive occasion • The first president elected from the West was Andrew Jackson, a Democrat and self-described champion of the common man • Westward expansion strengthened the Democratic Party

How did westward expansion affect African Americans and slaves How did westward expansion affect African Americans and slaves? • In the 1820s and 1830s states dropped the property qualification and expanded voting rights to all white males, specifically disenfranchising African American property owners • Slave owners often only took a portion of their slaves with them on the trek west, and left the rest of the slave family behind

How did westward expansion affect Native Americans How did westward expansion affect Native Americans? • As Americans moved west, they continued the displacement of the Native American population, just as they had in the original colonies • President Jackson announced a formal policy of removal of natives to the west to make opportunity for the common white man • Native Americans of the southeast responded to this intrusion through both resistance Seminoles in Florida) and assimilation (Cherokee in Georgia), but neither were successful

Trail of tears

*Assimilation: to bring into conformity with the customs, attitudes, etc., of a group, nation, or the like; adapt or adjust *The Seminoles in Florida were defeated *The Cherokee eventually lost their legal fight to retain their lands • Native Americans of the southeast were forced to move to the Indian Territory in Oklahoma on the Trail of Tears in the late 1830s.

Nationalism or Sectionalism Nationalism or Sectionalism? Monroe Doctrine, James Monroe, John Marshall, John Quincy Adams, McCulloch v. Maryland, Second Bank of the U.S., Missouri Compromise, John C. Calhoun