Organized based on commonalities in the muscle groups. Anterior Muscles Organized based on commonalities in the muscle groups.

Internal Oblique Rectus Abdominis External Oblique Origin: Crest of Pubis Insertion: Cartilage of 5-7 Ribs and Xiphoid Process Action: Posterior Pelvic Rotation External Oblique Origin: Border of lower 8 ribs at side of chest Insertion: Aponeuroses from Linea Alba to Iliac Crest Action: Contralateral Rotation of the Spine Internal Oblique Origin: Anterior 2/3 of the crest of the Ilium Insertion: Costal Cartilage of the 8-10th Ribs and Linea Alba Action: Ipsilateral Rotation of the Spine Transverse Abdominis Origin: Inner rim of the iliac crest, and inner surface of the costal cartilages of the lower 6 ribs Insertion: Crest of Pubis and Linea Alba Action: Forces Expiration Rectus Abdominis, External Oblique, & Internal Oblique: All share these actions: Lumbar/Spinal Flexion Internal Oblique is Specific to Lumbar Flexion Lateral Flexion (of spine both sides) All 4 Share a Similar Innervation: Intercostal nerves (T5-T12) Except: Rectus Abdominis has a different Nerve Root level of T7-T12

Rectus Abdominis Internal Oblique External Oblique Transverse Abdominis

Sternocleidomastoid & Scalenes: Actions: Neck Flexion & Contralateral Rotation of the Head Sternocleidomastoid Origin: Clavicular head – Sternal End of Clavicle Sternal Head – Manubrium Insertion: Mastoid Process Innervation: CN XI & (C2-C3) Scalenes (Anterior, Middle, Posterior) Origin: Transverse and costal processes C2-C7 Insertion: Superior surface of First 2 Ribs (Anterior goes to first Middle & Posterior go to second) Actions: Lateral Flexion & Elevates Ribs Innervation: Cervical Spinal Nerves

Scalenes: Anterior, Middle, & Posterior Sternocleidomastoid

Subclavius & Pectoralis Minor: Actions: Depression & Protraction Origin: 1st Rib Insertion: Clavicle (Inferior Border) Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve (C5-C7) Pectoralis Minor Origin: Ribs 3-5 Insertion: Coracoid Process Actions: Elevates Ribs & Downward Rotation Innervation: Medial Pectoral nerve (C8, T1) Subclavius & Pectoralis Minor: Actions: Depression & Protraction

Subclavius Pectoralis Minor

Pectoralis Major & Anterior Deltoid: Origin: Ribs 2-6, Sternum, Infero-Medial Portion of Clavicle Insertion: Greater Tubercle & Lateral Lip of Bicipital Groove of Humerus Action: Adduction of Humerus Innervation: Pectoral Nerve (C5-T1) Anterior Deltoid Origin: Clavicle & Scapula Insertion: Deltoid Tuberosity of the Humerus Action: Abduction of Humerus Innervation: Axillary nerve (C8-T1) Pectoralis Major & Anterior Deltoid: Actions: Flexion of Humerus & Internal Rotation of the Humerus

Anterior Deltoid Pectoralis Major

Brachialis, Coracobrachialis, & Biceps Brachii: Origin: Coracoid Process Insertion: Medial Margin of Shaft of Humerus Actions: Flexion of Shoulder & Adduction for Humerus Biceps Brachii (Long Head & Short Head) Origin: Short Head- Coracoid Process Long Head- Supraglenoid Tubercle Insertion: Radial Tuberosity Actions: Long Head-Flexion of Shoulder & Elbow Short Head- Elbow Flexion Brachialis Origin: Anterior & Distal Portion of Humerus Insertion: Ulnar Tuberosity Action: Elbow Flexion Brachialis, Coracobrachialis, & Biceps Brachii: Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-C7) *Except: Brachialis- Also Radial nerve (C5-C8)

(Long Head & Short Head) Biceps Brachii (Long Head & Short Head) Brachialis Coracobrachialis

Pronator Quadratus & Pronator Teres: Origin: Antero-Medial Surface of Distal Ulna Insertion: Antero-Lateral Surface of Distal Radius Pronator Teres Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus & Coronoid Process of Ulna Insertion: Middle of Lateral Surface of Radius Action: Elbow Flexion Pronator Quadratus & Pronator Teres: Action: Pronation of the Forearm Innervation: Median nerve (C8-T1)

Pronator Quadratus Pronator Teres

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Carpi Radialis Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Insertion: Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Actions: Flexion of Wrist & Abduction of Wrist (Radial Deviation) Innervation: Median nerve (C-6-C7) Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Insertion: Pisiform Bone, Hamate Bone and Base of 5th Metacarpal Actions: Flexion of Wrist & Adduction of Wrist (Ulnar Deviation) Innervation: Ulnar nerve (C-8 -T1) Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Insertion: Mid-portion of Middle Phalanges of Digits 2-5 Actions: Flexion of Wrist & Flexion of Digits 2-5 Innervation: Median nerve (C-8-T1) Flexor Digitorum Profundus Origin: Postero-medial Surface of Ulna & Interosseous Membrane Insertion: Bases of Distal Phalanges of Digits 2-5 Innervation: Anterior Interosseous Nerve & Ulnar nerve (C8-T1) Palmaris Longus Insertion: Palmar Aponeurosis and Flexor Retinaculum Action: Flexion of Wrist Innervation: Median nerve (C-8-T1) Flexor Pollicis Longus Origin: Anterior shaft of Radius & Interosseous Membrane Insertion: Base of Distal Phalanx of Thumb Action: Flexion of Wrist & Flexion of Thumb & Abduction of Wrist (Radial Deviation) Innervation: Anterior Interosseous Nerve (C-8-T1)

Femoral Adductors Pectineus Origin: Superior Ramus of Pubis Insertion: Pectineal Line Actions: Flexion of Hip & Internal Rotation of the Femur Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4) Adductor Brevis Origin: Inferior Ramus of Pubis Insertion: Linea Aspera of Femur Action: Flexion of Hip Innervation: Obturator Nerve (L3-L4) Adductor Longus Innervation: Obturator Nerve (L3-L4) Adductor Magnus Origin: Inferior Ramus of Pubis & Ischial Tuberosity Insertion: Linea Aspera of Femur & Adductor Tubercle Innervation: Obturator Nerve & Sciatic Nerves Gracilis Insertion: Inferior to Medial Condyle of Tibia Action: Flexion of the Hip & Knee & Internal Rotation of the Femur Femoral Adductors

Piriformis Origin: Anterolateral Surface of the Sacrum Insertion: Greater Trochanter Actions: External Rotation of Femur & Abduction of the Femur Innervation: Sacral nerve (S1-S2) Piriformis

Iliopsoas (Iliacus)& (Psoas Major) Origin: Iiacus - Iliac fossa Psoas - Transverse processes of (T12-L5) Insertion: Lesser Trochanter Action: Flexion at Hip Innervation: Iliacus - Femoral nerve (L2-L4) Psoas - Lumbar Plexus (L2-L3) Iliopsoas (Iliacus)& (Psoas Major)

Sartorius Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) Insertion: Antero-Medial Surface of Tibia Actions: Flexion at Knee & Hip & External Rotation of the Femur Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4) Sartorius

Vastus Medialis Obliquus Rectus Femoris Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS) Action: Flexion of Hip Vastus Intermedius Origin: Anterolateral Surface of Femur & Distal Half of the Linea Aspera Vastus Lateralis Origin: Inferior to Greater Trochanter & Proximal Half of Linea Aspera Vastus Medialis Obliquus Origin: Linea Aspera All of the Quadriceps Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity via Quadriceps Tendon or Patellar Tendon Action: Extension of the Knee Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

Anterior Muscles of the Lower Leg Tibialis Anterior Origin: Lateral Condyle of Tibia Insertion: Base of 1st Metatarsal and Middle (2nd) Cuneiform Actions: Dorsiflexion & Inversion Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve (L4-S1) Extensor Halicus Longus Origin: Anterior Surface of Fibula Insertion: Dorsal Surface of Distal Phalanx of Great Toe Actions: Halicus Extension, Dorsiflexion, & Inversion Extensor Digitorum Longus Origin: Lateral Condyle of Tibia & Anterior Surface of Fibula Insertion: Dorsal Surfaces of Phalanges 2-5 Actions: Toe Extension, Dorsiflexion, & Eversion