Review Sheet: DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of _______ Question #1 Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of _______

Answer to Question #1 Nucleotides

A nucleotide consists of _______, _________, and __________. Question #2 A nucleotide consists of _______, _________, and __________.

a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. Answer to Question #2 a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

Question #3 The part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid is named is the _______

Answer to Question #3 sugar - deoxyribose

Question #4 Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?

Purines are Adenine and Guanine Answer to Question #4 Purines are Adenine and Guanine Pyrimidines are Thymine and Cytosine

Question #5 Which of the following is not true about DNA replication? a. It must occur before a cell can divide b. Two complementary strands are duplicated. c. The double strand unwinds and unzips while it is being duplicated. d. The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens.

d. The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens. Answer to Question #5 d. The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens.

RNA differs from DNA in that RNA a. _______ b. _______ c. _______ Question #6 RNA differs from DNA in that RNA a. _______ b. _______ c. _______

contains the nitrogen base uracil. Answer to Question #6 is single-stranded. contains the nitrogen base uracil. contains a different sugar molecule.

In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to _______ Question #7 In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to _______

Answer to Question #7 uracil

The function of rRNA is to form _______ Question #8 The function of rRNA is to form _______

Answer to Question #8 ribosomes

Question #9 During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is “rewritten” as a molecule of _______

Answer to Question #9 messenger RNA

Question #10 Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n) _______

Answer to Question #10 codon

Each of the following is a type of RNA except Question #11 Each of the following is a type of RNA except a. carrier RNA. b. messenger RNA. c. ribosomal RNA. d. transfer RNA.

Answer to Question #11 a. carrier RNA.

Question #12 A ribosome has A. one binding site for DNA. B. three binding sites used during translation. C. four binding sites for tRNA. D. no binding sites since the proteins must detach.

B. three binding sites used during translation. Answer to Question #12 B. three binding sites used during translation. NOT ON THE TEST!!!

Question #13 The form of ribonucleic acid that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes is _______

Answer to Question #13 mRNA

Question #14 Refer to the illustration. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given to determine which of the following contains a DNA sequence that codes for this amino acid sequence. a. AUGGGUCUAUAUACG b. ATGGGTCTATATACG c. GCAAACTCGCGCGTA d. ATAGGGCTTTAAACA mRNA codons amino acid UAU, UAC tyrosine CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG proline GAU, GAC aspartic acid AUU, AUC, AUA isoleucine UGU, UGC cysteine

Answer to Question #14 b. ATGGGTCTATATACG

Question #15 Transfer RNA a. carries an amino acid to its correct codon. b. synthesizes amino acids as they are needed. c. produces codons to match the correct anticodons. d. converts DNA into mRNA.

a. carries an amino acid to its correct codon. Answer to Question #15 a. carries an amino acid to its correct codon. amino acid attachment site U A C anticodon

Question #16 Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n) _______

Answer to Question #16 RNA molecule

Question #17 A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base is called a(n) _______

Answer to Question #17 nucleotide

Question #18 The name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is _______

Answer to Question #18 deoxyribose

Question #19 Watson and Crick determined that DNA molecules have the shape of a(n) _______

Answer to Question #19 double helix

Question #20 Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen bases in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be _________to each other.

Answer to Question #20 complementary

The process by which DNA copies itself is called _______ Question #21 The process by which DNA copies itself is called _______

Answer to Question #21 replication

The nitrogen-containing base that is only found in RNA is _______ Question #22 The nitrogen-containing base that is only found in RNA is _______

Answer to Question #22 uracil

Messenger RNA is produced during the process of _____ Question #23 Messenger RNA is produced during the process of _____

Answer to Question #23 transcription

Question #24 During translation, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules of _______

transfer RNA Answer to Question #24 U A C amino acid attachment site anticodon

Question #25 Nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to codons on mRNA are called _______

Answer to Question #25 anticodons

Question #26 The sequence of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids or stop signals in the synthesis of protein is called a(n) _______

Answer to Question #26 codon

Question #27 The information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein during the process of _____

Answer to Question #27 translation

Question #28 Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. _____ pairs with ______ ______ pairs with _________

Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. ________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________ Answer to Question #28 Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. _________ pairs with ______ ______ pairs with _________ T A G C

Question #29 For each process below, identify where it occurs in the cell and what is produced. Replication: Transcription: Translation

Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. ________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________ Answer to Question #29 For each process below, identify where it occurs in the cell and what is produced. Replication: Transcription: Translation Nucleus, identical DNA strand Nucleus, mRNA Ribosomes, tRNA - protein

Question #30 List three differences between DNA and RNA a. b. c.

Answer to Question #30 List three differences between DNA and RNA a. Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. ________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________ Answer to Question #30 List three differences between DNA and RNA a. b. c. DNA – double strand; RNA – single strand DNA – deoxyribose sugar; RNA – ribose sugar DNA – Thymine nitrogen base; RNA – Uracil nitrogen base

Question #31 Identify 3 types of RNA, where they are found and what they do. a. b. c.

Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. ________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________ Answer to Question #31 Identify 3 types of RNA, where they are found and what they do. a. b. c. mRNA – tRNA – rRNA -

Question #32 Use your codon chart on to complete the table below. DNA Triplet TTC mRNA codon UAG tRNA anti-codon CAG Amino acid coded met

Answer to Question #32 DNA Triplet TTC mRNA codon UAG tRNA anti-codon Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. ________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________ Answer to Question #32 DNA Triplet TTC mRNA codon UAG tRNA anti-codon CAG Amino acid coded met TAC ATC CAG AUG GUC AAG UAC AUC UUC VAL LYS STOP

Question #33 Using the following DNA sequences, identify each of the following: Mutations: substitution, insertion and deletion TAC GCC AGC CCG AGC TAT AAA ATT Mutation: ___________________________ 1: TAC GCA GCC CGA GCT ATA AAA TT Mutation ___________________________ 2: TAC GCC AGC CCG AAC TAT AAA ATT 3: TAC GCC ATG CCC GAG CTA TAA AAT T

TAC GCC AGC CCG AGC TAT AAA ATT Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. ________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________ Answer to Question #33 Mutations: substitution, insertion and deletion TAC GCC AGC CCG AGC TAT AAA ATT Mutation: ___________________________ 1: TAC GCA GCC CGA GCT ATA AAA TT Mutation ___________________________ 2: TAC GCC AGC CCG AAC TAT AAA ATT 3: TAC GCC ATG CCC GAG CTA TAA AAT T DELETION SUBSTITUTION INSERTION

Question #34 Which mutations above would have the have the greatest impact on an organism? Why?

Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. ________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________ Answer to Question #34 Which mutations above would have the have the greatest impact on an organism? Why? ?????????

Answer to Last Questions C E D, F G F D H