Psychoanalytic Therapy Assumed Problem Unconscious forces and childhood experiences Therapy Aim Reduce anxiety through self-insight Make patient aware of resistances and interpret meaning Methods Psychoanalysis Free Association Resistance Transference Dream Analysis latent and manifest content Interpersonal psychotherapy

Humanistic Therapy Assumed Problem Barriers to self-understanding and self-acceptance Therapy Aim Grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance Boost self-fulfillment and stronger, healthier sense of self Methods Client-Centered Therapy (Nondirective Therapy) Active Listening Unconditional positive regard

Behavioral Therapies Assumed Problem Maladaptive behaviors Therapy Aim Extinction of maladaptive behaviors Relearning of more adaptive behaviors Methods Classical Conditioning Counterconditioning Exposure Therapies Systematic desensitization Virtual reality exposure therapy Aversive conditioning Operant Conditioning Token Economy

Cognitive Therapy Assumed Problem Negative, self-defeating thinking Therapy Aim Healthier thinking Change view of self Methods Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Rational-Emotive Therapy- used by Albert Ellis. Gosl is to change irrational beliefs to more rational ones. Encourages a person to identify irrational beliefs (e.g. I must be perfect") and to challenge these false beliefs through reality testing. Beck’s Cognitive Therapy- similar to Ellis’s, most widely used in cases of depression. Help to recognize the negative thoughts and errors in logic that cause them to be depressed. Guides them to try out new interpretations, and ultimately apply alternative ways of thinking in their daily lives. Stress inoculation training- prepare in advance According to Ellis, these are other common irrational assumptions: • The idea that one should be thoroughly competent at everything. • The idea that is it catastrophic when things are not the way you want them to be. • The idea that people have no control over their happiness. • The idea that you need someone stronger than yourself to be dependent on. • The idea that your past history greatly influences your present life. • The idea that there is a perfect solution to human problems, and it’s a disaster if you don’t find it.

Drug Therapies: Psychopharmacology Assumed Problem Neurotransmission problems Chemical imbalances Therapy Aim Reuptake, inhibit, or excite certain neurotransmitters Methods Antipsychotic drugs Thorazine, Haldol, Clozapine Antianxiety drugs Vailum, Xanax, Ativan Antidepressant drugs Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil Mood-stabilizing drugs Lithium (bipolar)

Other Biological Therapies Methods Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) Psychosurgery Lobotomy (prefrontal and transorbital)

Hi. My name is Julie. My parents have sent me to see you because of some problems I've been having lately. I guess the school called because of the number of classes I've missed. There's a possibility I won't graduate this year if this continues, but I just don't like going to school anymore and don’t really care. I'm just so tired all the time. My teachers stay stupid things like 'guess you woke up on the wrong side of the bed' or 'stay out last night too late?'. They just don't realize that I'm always tired and wish I could get up enough energy to actually go to parties. My parents are amazing. They help out a lot by doing my chores when I'm wiped out and bringing me dinner in my room when I don't make it down for supper. They must feel like they got cheated when it comes to kids ... though at least my sister is a success. She does everything perfectly.   So, Doctor, do you think you can help me or am I a lost cause? Your task as a group is to : diagnose the problem identify the cause (from your assigned perspective) decide on a treatment plan (from your assigned perspective)