Bellwork: September 28th Review: What’s the clergy? 2. What is chivalry? 3. What’s the difference between a lord and vassal? 4. What’s a serf? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Study Guide

Warm ocean current that keeps Northern Europe’s climate mild (not too hot or cold)

North Atlantic Drift Ocean Current

Spread Christianity to Ireland Inspired Pope Gregory to send missionaries to the rest of Western Europe This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

St. Patrick

lived in monasteries Copied books by hand Preserved knowledge in the Dark Ages by keeping/copying books.

Monks of the Monastic Order

Known as friars Traveled around and taught Christianity Owned few possessions Tried to live as Jesus lived

Monks of the Mendicant Order

Came to power about 400 years after Fall of Rome United most of Europe under one empire. (remember our puzzle?) Crowned king of Holy Roman Empire by Pope (proved that kings wanted the favor of the Pope)

Charlemagne

A political and social system that developed for PROTECTION! The Noble was in charge of the manor. Serfs and Peasants worked on the manor. (remember our class activity??)

Feudalism

Serves the lord This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Vassal

A large area of land. Run by the noble A large area of land. Run by the noble. Lived and worked on by the serfs/peasants Self-sufficient. Everything that was needed was grown, raised, or made here. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA

Manorialism (life on the manor)

Duke of Normandy Led the Normans to invade England and became king of England Defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings

William, the Conqueror

William, Duke of Normandy (from France), invaded England to try and become King. He won and brought Normans with him (from France). Over time, Norman French blended with Anglo- Saxon English to create our modern English language. (Remember the blue water mixing with the yellow water to make green?)

The Battle of Hastings / Norman Invasion

Series of wars between Christians and Muslims over who will control the Holy Land.

The Crusades

More trading with Asia. Knights brought back spices, silk, and other goods that Europeans wanted more of. More knowledge. Europeans learned how to make compasses, more accurate maps, and build better ships. Feudalism weakened as serfs were freed and monarchies were strengthened as they claimed land from nobles.

The effects of the Crusades

Alps Mountains

A code of conduct that knights followed

Ural Mountains

chivalry