RECREATIONAL RESOURCES OF THE BALTIC LANDSCAPE NEMAN: STATUS AND ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE STABILITY РЕКРЕАЦИОННЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ БАЛТИЙСКОГО ЛАНДШАФТА НЕМАН : СОСТОЯНИЕ И МЕРОПРИЯТИЯ ПО ПОВЫШЕНИЮ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ Igor Tolkach Micail Jushkevich

The Representative part of the landscape located in the valley of the Neman River, Novogrudsky and Korelichskys parts of areas has high potential for a recreation: Varied relief: surface of the area largely-hilly and plateau-like (average height above sea level is m). The most part of the area is on the Novogrudsky regional glacial hill, the north-eastern, northern and north-western part is occupied by the Lyubchansky water and glacial lowland. 323m

A plurality of water objects suitable for rest: 47 rivers and 20 streams which a total length is 527 km. There are the largest Neman River and its inflows, lakes Svityaz, Vodopad, Litovka, Chereshlya and etc.

Well-developed road network providing transport accessibility. The territory of the area is crossed by highways, such as Nesvizh- Novogrudok-Lida, Baranovichi – Novogrudok - Ivye, Novogrudok - Novoyelnya, Novogrudok – Lyubch. It is a lot of local roads.

The forest area is quite high. It is 38%. The species composition of the forests is favorable for rest. It is prevail a pine - 57% (Pinus sylvestris), a fir-tree - 14% (Picea abies), an oak – 7% (Quércus róbur), a birch – 14% (Betula pendula).

A rich and old history of the area, the presence of a set of cultural and historical and unique natural objects.

As a result of poll of locals and employees of forestry, 17 places of intensive recreational use of a landscape are established. Some of them are elements of improvement, others have formed spontaneously. Except for the Lake Svityaz, these areas don't experience the strong influence leading to a digression plantings.

The most popular among vacationers and tourists enjoy the Lake Svitiaz. The lake has a roundish form with a flat sandy bottom and clear water. Svitiaz

Its surface area is 2.24 sq.km, the maximum of depth is 15 m. Relic plants meet in the lake, as Hydrilla, Najas flexilis and Tetradinium javanicum, which occurs only in the Lake Java and some reservoirs of Poland. The lake is found clam planorgis stelmatikus, relict species in zooplankton that are typical of lakes in Scandinavia. Vacationers practically from all Belarus come to the lake in the summer.

For identification of the reasons and degree of a digression forest ecosystems have been conducted: -assessment of places of concentration of vacationers, elements of improvement of the territory around the Lake Svityaz; -assessment the current state of forest ecosystems of the coast of the Lake. Svitiaz; -the accounting of attendance in the weekend; -assessment of allowable recreational load; - interviews with the local population (of village Valevka and Miratichi), forestry workers of Svityaz forestry, employees of service of rescue, vacationers.

The greatest number of vacationers is concentrated in the south-western and north-eastern coasts of the lake. There are beaches, arbors, toilets, booths for an undressing, benches, parking on 1000 cars, the tent camp.

There is a sanatorium on the northern coast of the lake. Eastern, western and north-western parts of the coast are rarely used for recreation.

- the little disturbed hectares (2); - the moderately disturbed hectares (3); - the strongly disturbed hectares (4); - the degraded hectares (5). Inspection of degree of plants digression:

There is the large number of fireplace in all territory. Sanitary condition of forest ecosystems is generally good and satisfactory. Dead trees are removed in time.

Results of the accounting of vacationers (in transfer to all area): - weekends, sunny weather is about 7.5 thousand people/day (to 10 thousand people/day in separate days); - weekends, cloudy weather, without rain is about 3.5 thousand people/day. The maximum permissible recreational load is 2.1 thousand people/day. Conclusion: the continuation of intensive anthropogenic influence will lead to deterioration and complete digression plantations of the coast of Lake Svitiaz.

a) SFI "Novogrudsky Forestry": – to form natural plantings steady against anthropogenic impacts with prevalence of an oak, a pine, a birch and admixture of a maple, an ash-tree, an elm, a linden, a spruce and a hornbeam. If necessary, apply measures to promote natural regeneration or to land a large-sized planting with their simultaneous protection; - to organize carrying out recovery actions (loosening of the condensed soil on a depth of 8-10 cm, application of fertilizers, filling the bared roots, planting trees and bushes, etc.); - to apply measures for a temporary restriction of access of vacationers to these places for restoration of natural environment on separate sites (notices, barriers, protection, creation of protective plantation); Suggestions for the recreational use of a representative part of a forest landscape of the basin of the Neman River:

- to organize road and path networks and places for fireplaces and recreation for regulation of flows of vacationers and their controlled dispersal on the territory; - to organize a water route on the Neman River with improvement of coast in places of temporary stops and a lodging for the night for involvement of vacationers. The route begins from the village Sinyavskaya sloboda, it finishes near city Beryozovka; - Within this water route to provide services organized recreation with rafting on the river Neman. The way from town Lubcha to the Lake Chereshlya with lets boats, accommodation, meals, sightseeing services, etc; - In order to improve environmental education should be organized nature trails along the Lake Svitiaz and in a forest area near the town Lubcha with appropriate landscaping.

b) RUE "Belgosles": - It is necessary to carry out landscape valuation of plantings of the wildlife reserve Svityaz when performing forest inventory works that will allow interested parties to receive information about a condition of plantings and its dynamics; c) Novogrudsky regional executive committee (management of the wildlife reserve of the Lake Svityaz): - to organize the construction of a parking on the northeast coast of the Lake Svitiaz (an entrance from village Miratichi) and landscaping; - to render assistance in the organization of farmsteads and involvement of tourists; - to exclude function of hiring of cleaners from duties of SFI "Novogrudsky Forestry" and to pass to the relevant services; - to continue to work on improvement of the beaches and the territory around the Lake Svityaz, to device road and path networks, to installation of small architectural forms, to development of infrastructure of the wildlife reserve, including by renting the areas.

Thank you for your attention!