PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT Teknik Elektro FT UNDIP Ir. AGUNG NUGROHO, M.Kom Teknik Elektro FT UNDIP

OVERVIEW Project Management Knowledge Area Project Integration Management Project Scope Management Project Time Management Project Cost Management Project Quality Management Project Human Resources Management Project Communication Management Project Procurement Management Project Risk Management

OVERVIEW How to Achieve Project Success? By balancing stakeholders’ competing demands for : Cost Time Scope Quality

PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT Processes include all the activities of the performing organization that determine quality policies, objectives, and responsibilities so that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken

PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT Quality Planning Identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and determining how to satisfy them 2. Perform Quality Assurance Applying the planned, systematic quality activities to ensure that the project employs all processes needed to meet requirements Perform Quality Control Monitoring specific project results to determine whether they comply with relevant quality standards and identifying ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance

PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT 3. Perform Quality Control Quality Planning 2. Perform Quality Assurance

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

GOAL OF QUALITY PROGRAM Fitness for use Product/service produced must satisfy real needs Costumer satisfaction Product/service meet customer’s expectations Conformance to the requirements The project must produce what it said it would produce

QUALITY CONCEPTS Zero Defects No tolerance for errors within the system The Customer Is The Next Person In The Process Conformance to requirements & customer satisfaction Do The Right Thing Right The First Time Do it once in complete & correct manner Continuous Improvement Plan – Do – Check – Action Process Capability Capable of performing the required functions to achieve the desire outcome

QUALITY VS GRADE QUALITY is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristic fulfill requirements GRADE is a category assigned to products or services having the same functional use but different technical characteristics LOW QUALITY is always problem, LOW GRADE is not necessary a problem

QUALITY PLANNING

COST OF QUALITY The total costs that incurred by investment in preventing nonconformance to requirements, appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failing to meet requirement (rework) Failure cost are often categorized into internal and external. Failure cost are also called cost of poor quality There are three types of costs that are incurred: Prevention costs, Appraisal Costs, and Failure Costs

What is the Major Cost of Quality Prevention cost Appraisal cost Internal failure cost External failure cost Measurement and test equipment.

COST OF QUALITY BEFORE AND AFTER QUALITY INITIATIVE TURNOVER rework savings rework inspection inspection prevention prevention Before After

PROJECT QUALITY PLAN Should address, but not limited to : Project Management Methods Roles & Responsibilities Deliverables & Milestones Standards for Monitoring & Control Purposes Process Reviews Major Checkpoints Inspection & Acceptance Criteria

QUALITY TEAM FOR A PROJECT SENIOR MANAGEMENT CLIENT REGULATORY AUTHORITIES PROJECT MANAGER VENDOR/SUPPLIER PROJECT STAFF SUBCONTRACTOR

PERFORM QUALITY ASSURANCE

QUALITY ASSURANCE VS QUALITY CONTROL Quality Assurance only check whether it’s comply with the PROCESS, regardless result, etc. Quality Control comply with RESULT !

PERFORM QUALITY CONTROL

Statistical Quality Control Method used to measure variability in a product for evaluation and corrective actions. When the product exceeds the bounds of acceptability based on statistical inference the product can be rejected with reasonable assurance that it does not meet requirements.

Normal Distribution Curve

Major systems which used in Statistical Quality Control Process Control Charts Acceptance Sampling

Control Chart UCL LCL X = 68.26% 95.46% 99.73%

Control Chart (in control) UCL LCL X = ·

Control Chart (Out-of-Control) UCL LCL X =

Control Chart (Hugging Control Limit) UCL LCL X =

Control Chart (Trend) UCL LCL X =

Control Chart (Cycle) UCL LCL X =

Control Chart (Run) UCL LCL X =

Rule of Seven When any 7 consecutive reading on a chart are either above or below the median, but are still within the upper and lower control limits, the process is out of control. When a process is out of control, management should be notified and is responsible to identify the cause and initiate corrective action.

The Tools of Modern Quality Management The tools of modern quality management relate to problem solving through uniform processes that provide information which leads to recognizing process changes and correcting them. Pareto diagrams Cause and effect diagrams (fishbone diagram) Histogram Scatter diagrams Graphs Check sheets Check Lists

PARETO DIAGRAM Is a histogram, ordered by frequency of occurrence, that shows how many results were generated by type or category of identified cause Rank ordering is used to guide corrective action Pareto’s Law : relatively small number of causes will typically procedure a long majority of the problems or defects (80/20)

PARETO DIAGRAM SAMPLE BEFORE IMPROVEMENT AFTER IMPROVEMENT OVERALL 100 20 40 60 80 25 50 75 ( % ) ( CASES ) BEFORE IMPROVEMENT No. of Defective Cases % of Composition Improper Rotation Noise Wobble Pressure Axle Caulking Case Others 100 20 40 60 80 25 50 75 ( % ) ( CASES ) AFTER IMPROVEMENT % of Composition Improper Rotation Noise Wobble Pressure Axle Caulking Case Others No. of Defective Cases OVERALL EFFECT

CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM (ISHIKAWA DIAGRAM/FISH BONE DIAGRAM) TIME MACHINE METHOD MATERIAL ENERGY MEASUREMENT PERSONNEL ENVIRONMENT CORRECTIVE ACTION MAJOR DEFECT USE : • Random Method Systematic Method Process Analysis Method Solution Analysis ALWAYS ASK: WHO? What? Where? When? Why? How? CAUSE EFFECT

CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM SAMPLE Reason Phone Not Answered Machinery Materials Audix Audix Exists Line Busy Directory LAN Directory Not Updated Wrong Extension in Book Phone Not Answer Away from Desk At Lunch At Meeting Call Comes Before/ After Hours Taking on Other Line Business Call Personal Call Re-direct issues Zero Out Not Established Support Staff Has Audix People Method

CONTROL CHART SAMPLE

PROCESS FLOW CHART SAMPLE

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