1. Managing Project Quality

2. Quality
According to PMBOK, project quality is defined as “the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements.”

3. Importance of Quality Determined by industry or tolerance for error
Critical: health or safety related

4. Quality Within Project Management
Required in all stages
Initiation and closure
Goals and level of achievement (lessons learned)
Planning
Determine ways to control quality
Execution and control
Feedback mechanisms to monitor and adjust

5. Quality Can Be Applied To: The project team Processes Success level
Sets performance expectations
Processes
Identifies ways to control quality
Success level
Allows team to determine the level of quality attainment

6. Pioneers in Quality Management
Deming
14 points of quality
Juran
Pareto Principle (80/20 rule)
Ishikawa
Cause and effect diagram (Fishbone diagram)

7. Balanced Scorecard Developed by Kaplan & Norton
4 views of organizational activity
Learning and Growth
Business Process
Customer
Financial

8. Quality Standards ISO9000 Six Sigma Quality management focus
Customer quality requirements
Regulatory requirements
Enhance customer satisfaction
Continual improvement
Six Sigma
To achieve Six Sigma, a process must not produce more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities
Champion, Master Black Belt, Black Belt, Green Belt proficiency designations

9. Certificates/Awards Baldridge National Quality Program
Designed to encourage organizations increase their competitiveness by focusing on:
Delivering ever improving value to customers
Improving overall organizational performance
Total Quality Management (TQM)
A description of the culture, attitude, and organization of a company that strives to provide customers with products and services that satisfy their needs
Emphasizes processes being done right the first time and defects and waste eradicated from operations

10. Quality Where do you focus? How do you measure?
What is the return on investment?

11. Quality Planning Quality planning
The process of identifying relevant quality standards and developing a plan to ensure the project meets those standards

12. Quality Planning – Inputs
Enterprise factors
Government regulations
Standards or rules specific to organization’s product or service
Organizational process assets
Quality policies/procedures/guidelines
Lessons learned
Project scope statement
Project management plan

13. Quality Planning – Techniques
Cost/benefit analysis
An evaluation of the costs and benefits of alternative approaches to a proposed activity to determine the best alternative
Benchmarking
Study of a competitor’s product or business practices in order to improve the performance of one’s own company
Capability Maturity Model (CMM)
Used to determine an organization’s capability with respect to best practices within a specific industry

14. Capability Maturity Model
Quality Planning – Techniques (cont.)
Capability Maturity Model

15. Quality Planning – Techniques (cont.)
Design of experiments
Application of selected statistical techniques to test the efficiency of certain project management approaches by testing factors that may influence a specific variable
Cost of quality analysis (COQ)
Cost to improve or ensure quality measures, as well as the cost associated with a lack of quality

16. Design of Experiments What is the research question?
Characteristics that are not part of the study still need to meet requirements.
Make sure experimental measurement is reliable (and valid).
Use statistics and principles up front.
Be aware of known and unknown issues/problems.
Be aware of what goes on during testing.
Analyze results…statistically and graphically.

23. Types of Quality Costs

24. Reducing Quality Costs
Avoiding any failure costs by driving defects to zero
Investing in prevention activities to improve quality
Reducing appraisal costs as quality improves
Continuously evaluating and altering preventive efforts for more improvement

25. Quality Planning – Outputs
Quality management plan
A plan specifying how quality measures will be implemented during a project
Quality metrics
Operational definitions of specific, processes, events, or products, as well as an explanation of how they will be measured in terms of quality
Quality checklists
Tools used to ensure that a specific set of actions has been correctly performed

26. Quality Planning – Outputs (cont.)
Process improvement plan
A plan specifying how to identify wasteful and non-value added activities
Quality baseline
The basis for which project quality is measured and reported
Updates to project management plan
Incorporation of quality management plan outputs into project management plan

27. Quality Assurance
The process of ensuring that the project meets the quality standards outlined during the quality planning phase

28. Quality Assurance – Inputs
Quality management plan
Quality metrics
Process improvement plans
Work performance information
Approved change requests
Quality control measures
Implemented
change requests
corrective actions
defect repairs
preventive actions

29. Quality Assurance – Tools & Techniques
Quality planning tools and techniques can be applied
Quality audits
Structured and independent review activities designed to review other quality management procedures and to identify potential lessons learned
Process analysis
Examines how a process is performed

30. Quality Assurance – Outputs
Requested changes
Recommended corrective actions
Updates to organizational process assets
Updates to the project management plan

31. Quality Control
The monitoring of project activities in order to determine if specified quality standards are being met

32. Quality Control – Inputs
Quality management plan
Quality metrics
Quality checklists
Organizational process assets
Work performance information
Approved change requests
Deliverables

33. Work Performance Information
Status summaries of:
Project deliverables
Any collected performance measures
Implemented changes from the original project management plan

34. Quality Control – Tools & Techniques
Cause and effect diagrams (Ishikawa)
Control charts
Pareto charts
Flowcharts
Histogram
Run chart
Scatter diagram
Statistical sampling
Inspection review
Defect repair review

35. Ishikawa (fishbone) Diagram Sample

36. Control Chart Sample

37. Pareto Chart

38. Quality Control – Outputs
Quality control measurements
Validated defect repair
Updates to the quality baseline
Recommended correction actions
Recommended preventative actions
Requested changes
Recommended defect repair
Updates to organizational process assets
Validated deliverables
Updates to project management plan

39. Questions?