The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

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Presentation transcript:

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3

Biological Molecules Biological molecules are typically large molecules constructed from smaller subunits. Monomer: single subunit (mono = 1; -mer = unit) Polymer: many units (poly = many)

polymer + water -> monomers Biological Molecules dehydration synthesis: formation of large molecules by the removal of water -monomers are joined to form polymers monomer +monomer -> polymer + water Hydrolysis (digestion): breakdown of large molecules by the addition of water -polymers are broken down to monomers polymer + water -> monomers

Dehydration synthesis: a much better graphic!

Nucleic Acids Two types: DNA and RNA Can you spell the full name of these? Deoxyribonucleic acid Ribonucleic acid Functions: specialized for the storage, transmission, and use of genetic information

Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. -nucleotides: sugar + phosphate + nitrogenous base -sugar is deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA -Nitrogenous bases include -purines: Adenine and Guanine -pyrimidines: Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil

Nucleotide structure

Nucleic Acids

Nitrogenous Bases

Nucleic Acids DNA -nucleotides connected by phosphodiester bonds - double helix: 2 polynucleotide strands connected by hydrogen bonds -polynucleotide strands are complementary -genetic information is carried in the sequence of nucleotides

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids RNA -contains ribose instead of deoxyribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -single polynucleotide strand -functions: -read the genetic information in DNA -direct the synthesis of proteins

Nucleic Acids DNA RNA

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