By: Emily, Jacob, Julia, and Manisha Pancake Lab By: Emily, Jacob, Julia, and Manisha

Recipe for Pancakes Ingredients 1 Cup all purpose flour 2 Teaspoons Sugar ½ teaspoon table salt ¼ teaspoon baking soda ½ teaspoon baking powder ¾ cup buttermilk ¼ cup milk 1 large egg 2 tablespoons unsalted butter, melted

Directions 1. Mix the dry ingredients in medium bowl. Pour buttermilk and milk into 2-cup Pyrex measuring cup. Whisk in egg white; mix yolk with melted butter, then stir into milk mixture. Dump wet ingredients all at once; whisk until just mixed. 2. Meanwhile, heat griddle or large skillet over strong heat. Brush griddle with oil. When water sizzles on pan then pour ¼ cup batter on pan make sure it is not overcrowded. When the pancake is brown on bottom and tops start to bubble flip and let sit for 2 to 3 minutes and then flip again and let sit for 1 to 2 mins. When done oil for the next batch of pancakes.

Physical Changes The exact definition of physical changes is a usually reversible change in physical properties of a substance such as a size or shape. There are many physical changes that occur in the making of pancakes. First, you have just a bunch of ingredients that are mixed together and eventually turned into pancakes. In the bowl, there is still all of the ingredients (flour, milk, butter, etc.). They just appear differently but are still the same thing. Their chemical composition has not changed, yet.

Chemical Changes When making pancakes, you mix wet ingredients and create a white-ish liquid batter. A chemical change takes place when the white liquid batter begins to turn a gold-brown as its cooking. That is a change in color, representing a chemical change. You know the pancakes are done when they begin to bubble on the griddle. This is also a chemical change because a gas is formed by them chemicals in the batter.

Final Product Our final product was overall successful even though we didn’t have a lot of time to cook them, so they didn’t taste the best. They did however help us to learn that both chemical and physical changes take place in making pancakes. Project by: Emily, Julia, Jacob, and Manisha