ELT. General Supervision State of Kuwait Ministry of Education ELT. General Supervision STAD Technique in Teaching Reading Day 4

Objectives: By the end of the presentation, attendees should be able to: recognize STAD techniques in teaching reading. identify the five procedures of STAD techniques. apply STAD techniques to a reading passage. use STAD techniques to enhance the learning process. STAD

Introduction increase their knowledge do assignments make notes The most practical way of thinking about teaching reading comprehension is to organize instruction according to how you want students to think about strategies. The most straightforward way of organizing comprehension strategies is to think about strategies that one might use. The students can acquire valuable information that may improve their thinking skills to generate ideas and solve problems.  Through reading activities the students can … increase their knowledge do assignments make notes write emails STAD

Metacognitive Strategies: Self-Management: Manage Your Own Learning Determine how you learn best Arrange conditions that help you learn Seek opportunities for practice Focus your attention on the task.

Activity 1: What are the strategies you may follow in teaching reading? STAD

Strategies for developing pre-reading: previewing headings, surveying pictures, reading introductions and summaries, creating a pre-reading outline, creating questions that might need to be answered, making predictions that need to be confirmed, etc. Strategies for developing pre-reading:

Strategies for developing while-reading: These strategies… help the student focus on how to determine what the author is actually trying to say and match the information with what the student already knows. These include: questioning inferring visualizing Making Connections

Strategies for developing post-reading: These strategies are used to help the student "look back" and think about the message of the text and determine the intended or possible meanings that might be important. These include: to follow up and confirm what was learned (e.g., answer questions or confirm predictions) from the use of before and during reading strategies. to focus on determining what the big, critical, or overall idea of the author's message was. and how it might be used before moving on to performance tasks or other learning tasks.

How do you teach comprehension strategies? The stages of instruction that are most often cited as being effective in helping a student learn a strategy are: orient students to key concepts, assess, and ask students to make a commitment to learn, describe the purpose of the strategy, the potential benefits, and the steps of the strategy, model (thinking aloud) the behavioral and cognitive steps/actions involved in using the strategy,

(4) lead verbal practice and elaboration of the key information and steps related to the strategy, (5) provide for guided and controlled practice of the strategy with detailed feedback from the teacher and/or knowledgeable peers, (6) gradually move to more independent and advanced practice of the strategy with feedback from the teacher and/or knowledgeable peers,

Activity 2: What are the difficulties that face teachers when teaching reading?

Difficulties facing teaching reading What are the difficulties that face teachers in teaching reading? Students’ lack of vocabulary and grammar. Students’ interest in the reading text. Teachers’ inability to guide and manage their class. Students’ inappropriate reading strategy. Low motivation in reading activities . The teaching learning process in reading classes. STAD

What is the appropriate technique for teaching reading? The technique that has showed its positive effects on teaching reading is STAD technique, because it is one of the simplest and most flexible of the cooperative learning techniques.

The Implementation of STAD in light of Slavin’s STAD Procedure: STAD will help teachers to manage the classroom and help students read and understand the text. By using STAD technique students with high scores will help the other students with lower scores to understand the text. STAD

Activity 3: How can we apply the five components of stad in teaching Reading?

STAD components STAD has five components: 1) In class presentations, teacher … orients students to key concepts, assess, and ask students to make a commitment to learn, describes the purpose of the strategy, the potential benefits, and the steps of the strategy, models (thinking aloud) the behavioral and cognitive steps/actions involved in using the strategy, leads verbal practice and elaboration of the key information and steps related to the strategy, provides for guided and controlled practice of the strategy with detailed feedback from the teacher and/or knowledgeable peers, gradually moves to more independent and advanced practice of the strategy with feedback from the teacher and/or knowledgeable peers,

STAD components STAD has five components: 2) In the team study, students will work in teams to understand the material by sharing the information with the members of the group. The information sharing will help students to gather all information that they get to build the same understanding of the material. The team must consist of students who have different cognitive levels. 3) Test stage means that teacher will provide each student with a test sheet. Students must do the test individually.

STAD components STAD has five components: 4) Individual score means that teacher will correct the sheets and add up all scores of the members of the team into a team score. Then teacher will decide on the total scores of the different teams. 5) The last step is team recognition. Teacher will compare the present group score with the previous group score to find the improvement achieved by each group. Team with the highest improvement points will be rewarded by the teacher to motivate the leading team and all the other teams to work harder. STAD

The effect of implementing STAD technique on learners STAD technique could … make the classroom atmosphere relaxing. increase students' interest in reading the text . foster the teaching / learning process and prevent students from getting bored.

Those elements are: The elements of STAD technique According to Kessler and Kagan (1992: 8) and Johnson (1994), there are at least five key elements in STAD. Those elements are: Positive interdependence Face-to-face interaction Individual and group accountability Interpersonal and small group skills Group processing. STAD

Activity 4: With reference to the components and elements of stad, what’s the rationale behind using stad technique in teaching reading ?

The Rationale behind using STAD technique STAD technique gives students the opportunity … to interact with peers in group discussions to solve problems. to improve their reading skills because using this technique may make them interested in the learning process. to read in search for new knowledge and information .

How do you find the technique used by the teacher? Activity 5: Open discussion based on the case study How do you find the technique used by the teacher? Did he apply STAD technique in his class? Was he successful in his application? Is there a difference between the current technique we use in our classes in teaching reading and STAD technique?

Activity 6: Application of STAD technique on a reading passage ( Unit 1 (SB p. 17) Grade 6 ) Attendees have to work in groups and prepare a lesson plan using STAD procedure in teaching reading. STAD

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS STAD Technique has a great effect on the learner’s performance in the reading skill: Sample of learners’ improvement in reading comprehension after using STAD technique: Meeting 3 Meeting 2 Meeting 1 Number of Students 61.29% 19 74.17 % 23 83.87 % 30 STAD technique also contributes positively to the teacher’s teaching performance. STAD

SUGGESTIONS 1. In this research, we find that teaching vocabulary needs to be paid much more attention as the target vocabulary may a real obstacle for understanding reading texts during the application of STAD Technique. 2. The teacher should be able to provide students with basic rules and have control over the material during the teaching / learning process .The biggest problem for the teacher when using STAD technique may be the noisy classroom and reading activities are time-consuming. 3. STAD can be applied at different levels of study and on different skills. 4.The target material may not be explained fully when the class atmosphere is not positive and the teacher is not supportive.

Activity 7: what obstacles may arise while implementing stad technique in teaching reading based on the case study?

The obstacles in implementing STAD in teaching reading Classroom design becomes the obstacle in the implementation of STAD . Another obstacle that teacher faces is the disruptive behaviour of students. The students are only silent when teacher asks them questions about the reading text. Students are reluctant to raise their hands and ask questions because they lack confidence. The students find it difficult to understand the teacher’s instructions clarifications in English. STAD

Conclusion Synopsis of STAD Procedures First : The teacher does the class presentation. Second : Students will work in teams to understand the material. Third : Teacher gives the students quiz which should be taken individually. Teacher checks the students tests. Then he sums up the individual scores into team score. The last stage is team recognition. Slavin (1994) suggests that the group score has to be compared with the previous group score to check the improvement achieved by each group. STAD

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