Chapter 19 The Industrial Revolution Begins Benchmark 6.2.3.-impact of the Industrial Revolution

Chapter 19 Focus Question What technological, social, economic, and cultural changes occurred as the Industrial Revolution took hold?

Section 1: Dawn of the Industrial Age What events helped bring about the Industrial Revolution? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhL5DCizj5c

Introduction Industrial Revolution: chain of events in the mid-1700s that changed the way of life for all time. Rural way of life changes Country towns grew to industrial towns & cities New inventions Anesthetic– drug that prevents pain during surgery

Agricultural Revolution Spurs Industry Dutch began by making better use of land Lord Charles Townshend – encouraged turnip growth-restored soil. Jethro Tull – invented seed drill Deposited seeds in a row Enclosure- process of taking over and consolidating shared land-peasants kicked off land Food surplus = population growth

New Technology Energy Iron Abraham Darby III Coal – steam engine James Watt – perfected the steam engine Iron Iron – needed to construct engines, etc. Abraham Darby – used coal instead of charcoal to smelt iron – separate it from ore Abraham Darby III Built first iron bridge

Section 2: Britain Leads the Way What key factors allowed Britain to lead the way in the Industrial Revolution? Why did the textile industry expand during this era? Explain 3 ways that transportation changed.

What key factors allowed Britain to lead the way in the Industrial Revolution? Natural resources. They had water ways for trade, developed canals, They had skilled workers and a stable government. Why did the textile industry expand during this era? People initially weave the cotton at home– putting-out system . John Kay developed the flying shuttle. Production became faster. Eli Whitney- created the cotton gin (separate seed from cotton). Had more Cotton Available. Other inventions were the spinning jenny and water frame.

Explain 3 ways that transportation changed. Steam powered locomotives, turnpikes-private road that government runs-taxes pay for, canals were expanded to develop more efficient way of getting coal, Steam powered boats will soon be developed.

Sect. 3 Social Life Changed Who were the middle class? What are tenements and why did industrialists build them? What is a labor union and what impact did they have? Describe what Methodism offered the people. Describe factory work, mining work, and child labor.

Who were the middle class? Wealthier working class, entrepreneurs-take financial risk to start a business. Merchants and Inventors.

What are tenements and why did industrialists build them? Multi story buildings to house the working class-no water, no sewage, meant for factory workers. Factory owners built them cheaply to house as many people as possible. 10-20 in a room.

What is a labor union and what impact did they have? Created to get labor reforms-more pay, less hours. Led to violence with factory owners. Led to guilds-organized skilled workers Sometimes aggressive burned property or stopped the business from working

Describe what Methodism offered the people. Christian faith that common people own rather than clergy and rich. People learned on their own to read and write allowed them to be less dependent on clergy. John Wesley

Describe factory work, mining work, and child labor. Harsh conditions-children worked 12-16 hours a day Children used in mines to go to small locations in mine.-collapsing tunnels, breathe in coal dust Often times given the most dangerous job. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eutUTVpdWDc

Section 4: New Ways of Thinking

Thomas Malthus Laissez-faire economist Urged families to have fewer children Population would outpace food supply Discouraged vaccinations Felt disease was a natural means of population control

Adam Smith Laissez-faire economist Known for Wealth of Nations Believed the free-market would help everyone Known for Wealth of Nations More goods at lower prices Reinvest profits in new ventures

David Ricardo Hopeful of an economy to help poverty Wage increase was futile Would only cover costs of necessities People had more children instead of raising standard of living

Jeremy Bentham Advocated utilitarianism Goal of society should be greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

Robert Owen Set up a utopian society Atlas Shrugged  ? The model of a perfect world Atlas Shrugged  ? No difference between rich and poor

Karl Marx Communist Manifesto Despised capitalism Communism It created wealth for few; poverty for many Communism Form of socialism with a classless society Community ownership