Atmosphere

IMPORTANCE CONTAINS OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE, AND WATER INSULATOR PROTECTION FROM METEORS

ORIGINS 1. COOLING OF MOLTEN ROCK 2. WATER VAPOR (g)  RAIN (l)  OCEANS 3. ORGANISMS USED CO2 AND SUN  O2  OTHER ORGANISMS

COMPOSITION GASES - 78% NITROGEN - 21% OXYGEN - 1%: ARGON, CO2, WATER VAPOR SOLIDS - POLLEN, SALT, AND DUST LIQUID - WATER AND ACIDS

REVIEW WHAT GASES ARE THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE MADE UP OF? MOSTLY NITOGREN, THEN OXYGEN, AND SMALL AMOUNT OF ARGON, CO2, AND WATER VAPOR

LAYERS TROPOSPHERE - WARMEST NEAR SURFACE STRATOSPHERE - LOWER: HIGH AMOUNT OF OZONE GAS (OZONE LAYER) - ABSORBS ULTRAVIOLET RAYS  PROTECTION

MESOSPHERE AND THERMOSPHERE - LARGER THAN 1ST TWO LAYERS - ONLY 1% GAS - BURN UP METEORS BY FRICTION - CONTAINS IONOSPHERE - CHARGED PARTICLES - AUROAS

EXOSPHERE - PRESSURE AND DENSITY VERY LOW - MOLECULES MOVE AT FAST SPEEDS

REVIEW WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE STARTING WITH THE ONE CLOSEST TO THE EARTH? TROPOSPHERE: CLOUDS + PLANES STRATOSPHRE: OZONE LAYER + WEATHER BALLOON MESOSPHERE: METEORS BURNED UP THERMOSPHERE: METEORS + AURORAS EXOSPHERE: SATELITES

PRESSURE AND ALTITUDE GRAVITY PULLS ATMOSPHERE TOWARD EARTH HIGHER THE ALTITUDE  LESS DENSE

TEMPERATURE AND ALTITUDE TROPOSPHERE -TEMP. DECREASE AS ALTITUDE INCREASES STRATOSPHRE -TEMP. INCREASE AS ALTITUDE INCREASES MESOSPHERE -TEMP. DECREASE AS ALTITUDE INCREASE THERMOSPHRE + EXOSPHERE -TEMP. INCREASE AS ALTITUDE INCREASE

REVIEW HOW DOES TEMPERATURE CHANGE AS ALTITUDE INCREASES WITHIN EACH OF THE LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE?

SUN ENERGY RADIATION -VISIBLE LIGHT -UV LIGHT -INFRARED

EARTH ENERGY ABSORBED -20% BY PARTICLES -50% BY SURFACE REFLECTED -25% BY PARTICLES AND CLOUDS -5% BY LAND AND SEA -GREENHOUSE GASES TRAP REFLECTED ENERGY BACK TO EARTH https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/basics/today/greenhouse-effect.html

ENERGY TRANSFER RADIATION -SUN TO EARTH CONDUCTION -DIRECT CONTACT CONVECTION -MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES -LATENT HEAT -SURFACE TO ATMOSPHERE

CIRCULATING AIR AFFECTS WEATHER AND CLIMATE -COLD AIR SINKS AND PUSHES WARM AIR UP -UNSTABLE  THUNDERSTORMS -STABLE  TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS

AIR CURRENTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBqohRu2RRk

AIR CURRENTS GLOBAL WINDS -UNEQUAL HEATING OF EARTH GLOBAL WIND BELTS -AFFECTED BY CORIOLIS EFFECT (EARTH’S ROTATION CAUSES WIND TO APPEAR TO MOVE) -TRADE WINDS -WESTERLIES -POLAR EASTERLIES -JET STREAMS

AIR CURRENTS LOCAL WINDS -SEA BREEZE -LAND BREEZE http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/pd/oceans_weather_climate/media/sea_and_land_breeze.swf

REVIEW WHICH DOES NOT AFFECT GLOBAL WIND BELTS? A. AIR PRESSURE B. LAND BREEZES C. CORIOLIS EFFECT D. SUN

AIR QUALITY SOURCES -POINT SOURCE -SMOKESTACKS FROM FACTORIES -NONPOINT SOURCE -LARGE CITY AIR POLLUTION

https://www.brainpop.com/science/ourfragileenvironment/airpollution/

AIR QUALITY CAUSES AND EFFECTS -ACID PRECIPIATION -DAMAGES WATER SOURCES AND STONE STRUCTURES -SMOG -HARD TO SEE AND BREATHE

MAINTAIN AIR QUALITY -CLEAN AIR ACT -MONITOR POLLUTION INDOOR AIR POLLUTION -SMOKING, CLEANING PRODUCTS, PESTICIDES, FIREPLACES, INSULATION, RADON