Events Leading to the Civil war

Questions to be Answered? What is popular sovereignty? Describe the Compromise of 1850. What did Harriet Beecher Stowe write and what was the attitudes of the North and South about the book? What was the Kansas Nebraska Act?

What was the outcome of Lincoln becoming president? What was the significance of Fort Sumter? Who was John Brown? What was the outcome of the Dred Scott Decision?

The North Between 1800 and 1850, the North developed an industrial economy based on manufacturing. Because of manufacturing the North favored high protective tariffs. Define: Protective Tariff – Taxes on imports which are so high that Americans cannot afford to buy foreign goods.

The South The South’s economy was based on small scale agriculture (farming) and plantations that used slave labor. The South opposed high tariffs because it made manufactured goods more expensive

The South and Slavery Majority of people in South not slave-holders Some slaves treated well but most were treated harshly South argued slavery was necessary to meet demands of labor

Inventions and Industry Telegraph, sewing machines, rotary press = North becoming more prosperous Steel plow, mechanical reaper = agriculture becoming large scaled Increased immigration = resentment from Americans Immigrants faced hardships

Tensions Between The Two Regions Because of the two regions different economic systems and as the U.S. expanded westward, slavery became a conflict that threatened to tear the country apart. There was a growing number of people living in the North known as abolitionist, people who wanted to abolish (end) slavery immediately. One of the most important abolitionist leaders was William Llyod Garrison that published an antislavery newspaper in Boston called the Liberator. Harriet Beecher Stowe another abolitionist was the author of the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin, an antislavery novel which told of the cruelties of slavery.

How did Uncle Tom’s Cabin affect the North? Made Northern abolitionists mad. Caused many more Northerners to support the Abolitionist movement. How did the Abolitionist movement affect Southerners? Frightened them. What frightened them? The idea of slave rebellions

Southern Fears Become Reality Gabriel Prosser - African-American slave Planned a slave revolt in Richmond, Va. Revolt crushed by Va. Militia. Prosser and 35 slaves were executed Nat Turner – African-American slave Led a slave revolt in Southhampton County, Va. Killed 55 whites – 100+ blacks were killed Turner was captured and executed.

Effects of Nat Turner’s Rebellion Increased Southern fears of slave rebellions. Southern states passed stricter slave codes

Compromise Henry Clay known by historians as the “Great Compromiser” Came up with two compromises that would postpone Civil War in America for the better part of 40 years. First was the Missouri Compromise in 1820 The second was the Compromise of 1850

Missouri Compromise 3 part compromise Missouri became a slave state. Maine became a free state. Louisiana Territory was divided at the 36 degree, 30 minute parallel; north of the line must be free territory; south of the line could be slave territory. * Why was this agreed upon? It maintained a balance of free/slave states in the union and a balance of power in the Senate between the North and South

Compromise of 1850 Key points of the Compromise of 1850 California became a free state. Stronger fugitive slave law. Abolished the slave trade, but not slavery itself, in the District of Columbia. Created the Utah and New Mexico territories; slavery in those territories would be decided by popular sovereignty.

Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave Act Made it easier for slave catchers to capture and return runaway slaves. Required escaped slaves to be forcibly returned to their own owners in the South. Who hated the Fugitive Slave Act? Northerners

What was Popular Sovereignty? The people of a territory would decide whether they wanted slavery. What is a bill? A proposed law What is an act? A law

The Kansas-Nebraska Act Proposed by Stephen Douglas, Democrat (Illinois) Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. Said popular sovereignty would decide slavery in both Kansas and Nebraska. Since both Kansas and Nebraska were north of the Missouri Compromise line, the Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise. What broke out in the Kansas Territory? Civil war between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers, called Bleeding Kansas. The Republican Party was formed in opposition to the Kansas- Nebraska Act.

Supreme Court; Dred Scott Case Since Dred Scott was a slave, he could not sue in federal court. African-Americans were not citizens of the United States. Since Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in the territories, the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. What power did the Supreme Court use in Dred Scott v. Sandford? * The power of judicial review

Illinois Senate Election 1858 The newly formed Republican party nominated Abraham Lincoln to run against Stephen Douglas of the democrats in 1858 Illinois Senate race. The two faced off in a series of debates where Lincoln gave is “A house divided against itself cannot stand” argument. Lincoln said “the U.S. could not continue half-free and half-slave”. Stephen Douglas would go on to win the election.

John Brown’s Raid Brown felt as if he was to liberate slaves and punish slaveholders 1859 – seized Harpers Ferry, Virginia Brown is captured by Lee and Stuart Brown was charged with treason and sentenced to death Northerners regard Brown as a hero.

The 1850’s Throughout the 1850’s the North remained increasingly against the spread of slavery to the west. By the end of the 1850’s, Southerners argued states could nullify (void it, or do away with it) laws passed by Congress and states could secede (leave) from the Union.