Chapter 4 (Test is Friday) Ancient Egypt Chapter 4 (Test is Friday)

The Nile River The Nile is the longest river in the world Flows North because the mountains are in the South Flows into the Mediterranean Sea The winds off of the Mediterranean blow South (makes trading possible using sailboats) The Egyptian calendar was based on the flooding of the Nile River The seasons were drought, emergence, and inundation Egyptians planted and harvested their crops based on the Nile Wheat and Barley were two of the most important

Egyptian Religion Mostly polytheistic Egyptian gods and goddesses took on the form of animals and humans The Egyptians believed in an afterlife The soul or heart a person was measured against a feather If the heart was lighter than the feather, they would have eternal life Amenhotep IV made Egypt monotheistic (worshipped Aton) King Tutankhamen returned Egypt to a polytheistic religion

Mummification Egyptians mummified their dead in preparation for the afterlife The Ka and Ba needed to recognize the body to return to it Mummification took about 70 days First Egyptians were mummified by being buried in the desert sands Natron was the key ingredient in mummification The internal organs were placed in canopic jars The steps of mummification were: Remove organs Place natron on the body Remove natron and rub the body with oils and spices Wrap the body with linen (amulet's were placed in the linen) The body was placed in a number of coffins The body is placed in the tomb

Hieroglyphics The writing style of the Ancient Egyptians Had over 700 characters The Egyptians used hieroglyphics in tombs, for tax demands, for messages, and orders Egyptians wrote on papyrus made of the papyrus plant Scribes wrote with reed pens

The Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms Old Kingdom: The Age of the Pyramids The Great Pyramid of Giza was built (481 Feet Tall) The Middle Kingdom Time of Economic and cultural glory The capital was moved from Thebes to Memphis Nubia was annexed The Hyksos conquered Lower Egypt (They had war chariots)

The New Kingdom Egypt conquered the Hyksos and drove them out of Lower Egypt Amenhotep IV made Egypt monotheistic for a short time (worshipped Aton) King Tutankhamen became Pharaoh and made Egypt polytheistic again Egypt expanded to its greatest size Created its first standing army

Nubia and Kush Nubians created ceramic pottery The Nubians traded with the Egyptians Goods that were traded were: wood, ivory, hardwood, gold, minerals, bird feathers, ostrich eggs, and spices Egypt annexed Nubia-they wanted to control the Nubian trade routes Many Nubians moved South and formed the kingdom of Kush

Kush The Kushites were allies of the Hyksos Borrowed cultural ideas from the Egyptians King Kasta conquered Upper Egypt and his son Piye conquered Lower Egypt Kush became wealthy because they had vast iron ore deposits They also created trading networks

Other Information Clothing: Egyptians wore light clothing to combat the heat of the Sahara desert Wealthy families had two story homes along the Nile River Poor people had small, one story homes The main food of the Egyptians was bread however they also ate dates, grapes, and other fruits and vegetables

Other Information (Continued) Egyptian’s played many games-senet was one of their favorite Egyptians also enjoyed hunting, fishing, and especially wrestling Egypt is located on the continent of Africa The delta was the best spot for growing crops Silt was deposited on the land after the Nile would flood