Chapter 20 Speech and Language Disorders Chapter 20 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Components of Communication Brain: many of the functions related to hearing, speech, and language found in cerebrum Frontal lobe: primary motor, Broca’s speech production area Temporal lobe: primary auditory, Wernicke’s speech comprehension area Occipital lobe: vision Parietal lobe: somatesthetic (bodily) sensations Two types of communication: Receptive Expressive Chapter 20 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Components of Communication (continued) Hearing Begins in utero Consists of auditory perception and processing Speech Breath → larynx → vocal folds vibrate → articulation Prosody (fluency) Pitch, loudness, tempo, rhythm, rate, stress, and use of suprasegmentals Language Form, content, use Chapter 20 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Typical Development of Speech and Language Year 1: Preintentional communication → intentional Joint attention, social cognition, cultural influences First words, 12 months; “Theory of Mind” Two waves of acquisition: Developing form-function, “rule” knowledge Refining skills, increased speed Chapter 20 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Bilingualism 16.8% of children ages 5–17 Two languages, two cultures: language socialization Simultaneous or successive Chapter 20 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Communication Disorders By 1st grade, 5% in U.S. diagnosed For some, associated impairment For majority, cause unknown https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSIDTHqDm74 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEOy3APLA-g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLuZdiX7Wrg Chapter 20 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Assessment Primary caregiver interview Exam of oral motor, receptive/expressive language, speech sound skills Audiological exam SLP observations, assessments Chapter 20 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Types of Communication Disorders Speech disorders Articulation Phonological processing Resonance Language disorders Many causes; hearing impairment has impact Varies from case to case Fluency disorders Ages 2–4: some average developmental disfluency Greater disfluency (e.g., stuttering) By age 7, more than half no longer stutter; therapy helpful Chapter 20 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Treatment Approaches Treatment Plan: Based on findings of assessments Related to most appropriate research (evidence-based) Individualized Who, how, where of intervention important Natural setting including caregivers Enhanced relationships Modeling/support Improved ability for assessment Team approach is best Chapter 20 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Treatment Approaches (continued) Capitalize on opportunities to use communication in routines and activities within child’s environment Compensatory approach: strategies and supports to bypass limitations Has not been shown to delay development Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC): customize based on child’s needs within activities American Sign Language: choose 20–30 signs Picture boards, object symbols Speech-generating devices No prerequisites to being AAC candidate Chapter 20 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary Communication disorders have a profound impact Early assessment important SLP-designed, individualized intervention Team approach includes caregivers Chapter 20 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.