1. Language and Communication Disorders
Process of Language Development
Language Disorders

2. Definitions Speech: Language:
the forming, sequencing, and articulation of oral communication
Language:
the communication of ideas
in writing, speaking, or other symbol system

3. Communication Disorders
Speech disorders
Language disorders
In combination

4. Speech Disorder voice impairment articulation
use (accuracy) in making sounds
fluency in making sounds
These students do not TALK well

5. Voice Biological Non-biological growths and defects of the larynx
nerve damage/defects of the larynx
cleft palate
cognitive impairment (dsyarthria, apraxia)
Non-biological
faulty learning

6. Articulation
word production errors
lisping
enunciation

7. Fluency Pervasive and frequent interruptions in speech flow
wrong order (cimannom)
inappropriate stress patterns (pauses)
stuttering
fillers (uh)

8. Language Disorder Comprehension AND/OR Use of Language
aberrant or poorly developed ability for
spoken, written, or other form of communication
form, function, or content of language
These students do not USE OR UNDERSTAND language well.

9. How many students have this problem?
Estimates vary and are hard to make. Why?
Age variability
Subject to social interaction and history
Language development theories vary
Expect
more speech problems (6- 15%)
fewer language disorders

10. Language Development Influenced by social interaction, maturation, and
cognitive development

11. Social interaction
Adult speech patterns influence child speech patterns
Language demands of child’s environment will influence speed and direction of language development

12. Maturation: Language is developmental in nature
0 to 3 months > “cooing”
babbling > 4-6 months
1st words > 8-10 months
word 2 years
speech fluency 2-5 years

13. Cognitive development
Biophysical influences
early nutrition
birth experiences
Hereditary influences

14. Specific Language Impairment
no identifiable cause
I.E., SLI is not due to MR, LD, TBI, or Autism
Controversial
Marked by perceptual, attentive, symbolic, and syntactic delays

15. Expressive Language Delay
significant lag in expressive language development
delays in producing developmentally expected utterances, words, and/or communication conventions
Not a result of non-native language learning

16. Receptive Language Delay
Significant lag in understanding what has been said
delays in receiving (understanding) developmentally expected utterances, words, and/or communication conventions
Not as a result of non-native language learning

17. Language Learning Disability
Significant lack of mechanical uses of spoken and/or written language
syntax, semantics, and phonology
Significant lack in pragmatic language
producing conversation/explanation, etc.
understanding conversation/explanation, etc.

18. Speech Disorders
voice
articulation
fluency

19. Voice Biological Non-biological growths and defects of the larynx
nerve damage/defects of the larynx
cleft palate
cognitive impairment (dsyarthria, apraxia)
Non-biological
faulty learning

20. Articulation
word production errors
lisping
enunciation

21. Fluency Pervasive and frequent interruptions in speech flow
wrong order (cimannom)
inappropriate stress patterns (pauses)
stuttering
fillers (uh)

22. Educational Interventions for Speech and Language
Early intervention
Amount of talking to children a key predictor
Nonverbal dialogues with parents
Pre-school
teaching conversation skills
In natural environments with teacher collaboration

23. Teaching Techniques Appropriate modeling
Maximizing communication opportunities
Modifying instruction