Westward to the Pacific (Objective)- “We will describe the challenges & purpose of Westward Expansion”

Review- (read only) Oregon country was claimed by 4 nations U.S. and Great Britain shared land Adams-Onis Treaty Spain gave up parts of Oregon and Florida Territory We gave them Texas and paid a debt owed to Americans

Mountain Men 1st people to go to Oregon territory were fur traders Interested in beaver fur John Jacob Astor created the American Fur Company Mountain men were hired as trappers Many were Native Americans or adopted their ways

Mountain Men Met each summer after collecting beaver fur Exchange fur for traps, guns, coffee, etc… Famous mountain men: Jim Beckwourth Jedediah Smith Harsh life, had to be resourceful to survive

Oregon Trail “Oregon Fever” strikes in 1840s Thousands left for Oregon on 2,000 mile journey Went through flat lands and the rocky mountains Population went from 500 to 5,000 people in 5 year period

Oregon Trail Start – Independence, Missouri or Council Bluffs, Iowa End - Oregon Country

CFU ? – read only With a pair share partner----Briefly discuss the following 2 questions: 1) How long was the Oregon Trail and where was its starting point (location)? 2) Looking at the map on pg. 309 in your textbook (Chap.10) what was the biggest obstacle faced by travelers of the Oregon Trail?

Mormons traveled west in search of religious freedom. Joseph Smith founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1830. Their book of religious teachings is called the Book of Mormon. Church members were persecuted because of beliefs, including polygamy (one man married to several women). Joseph Smith was murdered by a mob in 1844. Brigham Young became the new head of the church and moved the group to Utah. Thousands of Mormons took the Mormon Trail to Utah. By 1860, there were about 40,000 Mormons in Utah.

Brigham Young University founded (1875)

CFU ? – read only Why did the Mormons move westward ? __________________________________ Who was the founder of the Mormon church (1830) ? ______________ What belief held by “some” Mormons was cause of conflict and problems (see pg. 311)? _____________________________

Section Discussion Questions (Chap. 10) A.) What was the Oregon Trail? B.) Would you have chosen to leave your home and travel west to Oregon in the 1840’s? ( Must explain why or why not) C.) What difficulties did the Mormons have in New York that led them to migrate westward ? D.) What was the attraction for settlers headed to the Oregon Country? ** DUE AT THE Beginning OF THE PERIOD TUES.**

Santa Fe Trail The route led from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico. Was originally a Native American trading route Traders used the route to trade American goods for Mexican goods; traders made high profits. Difficult journey due to hot desert and rough mountains

Revolution in TEXAS Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla – a Mexican priest, led an unsuccessful revolt against Spain in 1810. Mexico gained independence in 1821. The new Mexican government hired empresarios, or agents, to bring settlers to Texas. Stephen F. Austin - an agent who started a colony on the lower Colorado River in 1822. Success attracted more American settlers, who received free land in exchange for obeying Mexican laws. Mexico was concerned about the number of Americans and banned further settlement. General Antonio López de Santa Anna - became the ruler of Mexico.

Texans revolted against Mexican rule & established an independent nation. War began October 1835 in a battle at Gonzales, Texas. Texans declared independence on March 2, 1836. The Republic of Texas was established. Sam Houston was named head of the Texas army. Stephen F. Austin went to the United States to seek money and troops.

“Remember the Alamo”

Major Battles of Texas Revolution Battle at the Alamo Texans’ actions angered Santa Anna. Texas force of fewer than 200, led by Colonel Jim Travis, occupied Alamo mission near San Antonio. From February to March 1846 - Texans held out against huge Mexican army. All defenders killed in Mexican attack on March 6. Battle of San Jacinto Santa Anna chased Texans under Sam Houston east. Texans took stand at San Jacinto River. Houston’s forces attacked on April 21, 1836, and destroyed Mexican army. Santa Anna captured @ Battle of San Jacinto and forced to sign treaty giving Texas independence.

An Independent TEXAS Nation Sam Houston was the hero of the new independent nation of Texas. Houston was elected president; Stephen F. Austin became secretary of state. To increase the population, Texas offered land grants to new settlers. Many from nearby southern states bring enslaved Africans with them. President Jackson recognized Texas as an independent nation, but did not want to upset balance between slave and free states

MANIFEST DESTINY Americans believed they could build a new & better society founded on democratic principles. The United States had a booming economy and population in the 1840s. Looked to the West Some believed it was America’s “Manifest Destiny”- or obvious fate, to settle all land to the Pacific. Question was whether slavery would be allowed in new territories.