CANADA: PHYSICAL AND HUMAN GEOGRAPHY SS6G4 Locate selected features of Canada. SS6G5 Explain the impact of location, climate, distribution of natural resources, and population distribution on Canada. SS6G6 Explain the impact of environmental issues in Canada.

ELEMENTS Locate on a world and regional political-physical map: the St. Lawrence River, Hudson Bay, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, the Great Lakes, Canadian Shield, and Rocky Mountains. Locate on a world and regional political-physical map Canada and the province of Quebec. Describe how Canada’s location, climate, and natural resources impact trade and affect where people live. Explain the causes and effects of pollution and acid rain in Canada to include the Great Lakes. Explain the causes and effects of the extraction of natural resources on the Canadian Shield (e.g., mining and logging).

ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Human Environment Interaction: The student will understand that humans, their society, and the environment affect each other. Location: The student will understand that location affects a society’s economy, culture, and development.

THE PHYSICAL FEATURES OF CANADA Canada is a country located north of the United States and is the second largest country in the world Canada’s physical features include: Rivers St. Lawrence River Mountains Rocky Mountains Bodies of water Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Hudson Bay Great Lakes Landforms Canadian Shield

KEY PROVINCES OF CANADA Canada does not have states, but rather its regions are called provinces The major provinces of Canada are: Ontario Alberta Quebec Manitoba British Columbia Newfoundland Nunavut Canada also has two territories: The Yukon and Northwest Territories Canada’s capital city is Ottawa, located in Ontario

MAP OF CANADA

THE CLIMATE, LOCATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES OF CANADA Much of Canada is cold The mountain region of Canada is snow and ice, while the plains region has warm and temperate climate The Great Lakes area has temperate climate as well Location Most Canadians live in the cities and towns in the southern part of Canada Inuits live in the northern part near the Arctic Circle Natural Resources Canada’s natural resources include fishing, lumber, wheat, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, gold, uranium, oil, natural gas

TRADE IN CANADA Canada’s main trade partners are the U.S. and Mexico Canada’s main exports are minerals and fishing

Acid Rain is a major issue in Canada ACID RAIN AND WATER POLLUTION IN CANADA Acid Rain is a major issue in Canada Caused by vehicle emissions and coal plants Found mainly in Ontario and Quebec Waste, fertilizers, oil, grease, sewage, salt and runoff pollute the Great Lakes Both the U.S. and Canada are changing regulations to help clean the area

THE EXTRACTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES MINERALS WHAT IS EXTRACTION? RIVERS AND TREES Minerals are being extracted, or taken out, from the Canadian Shield The mining of minerals causes toxic waste to get into the ground and habitat loss The Inuit people who live there are also losing land due to mining Extraction means to remove something from an area Rivers in the Canadian Shield produce hydroelectricity Energy generated by falling water Hydroelectricity causes erosion, flooding and habitat loss The cutting of trees in the Canadian Shield leads to flooding of the region The removal of trees from an area is called deforestation