Week 12 Poetry Analysis “Sympathy” by Paul Laurence Dunbar (292)

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Week 12 Poetry Analysis “Sympathy” by Paul Laurence Dunbar (292) “Caged Bird” by Maya Angelou (293)

Lined Paper and Textbook, page 292 ON YOUR DESK Lined Paper and Textbook, page 292

Before Analysis: Read the poem: Silently- To study figurative language Out Loud- To hear sound/poetic devices Annotate the text with first impressions and clarification of any unknown words

Read “Sympathy” (292) Author: Paul Laurence Dunbar What is known about the author? Where can you find this information?

Poetic Devices Poetic devices are tools that a poet can use to create rhythm, enhance a poem's meaning, or intensify a mood or feeling

Rhyme Scheme A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem. The rhyme scheme of a poem is indicated by using different letters of the alphabet for each new rhyme. Copy at least the underlined portion of the definition

Rhyme Scheme How is rhyme scheme marked? What is the rhyme scheme of “Sympathy”? Alphabetical listing See next slide

Rhyme Scheme Stanza A A B C D E F G H I Stanza B Stanza C Explain the alphabetical listing and how it connects to Dunbar’s poem. *Explain why alphabetical listing can either emphasize or expose messages within poetry (heroic couplets, breaks in pattern)

Assonance The repetition of vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds in two or more stressed syllables. Copy the underlined section

“And the first bird sings and first bud opes” Assonance Read line 5: “And the first bird sings and first bud opes” Discuss how the “i” sounds vary between bird and sings. Discuss the assonance of line 5. Allow for any other examples of assonance to be discussed.

Consonance Repeated consonant sounds within or at the ending of words placed near each other, usually on the same or adjacent lines. These should be in sounds that are accented, or stressed, rather than in vowel sounds that are unaccented. Copy the underlined section

Consonance its chalice steals” Read Line 6: “And the faint perfume from its chalice steals” Discuss how the “s” sounds exists even in the word “chalice”. Discuss the assonance of line 6. Allow for any other examples of consonance to be discussed.

Alliteration The repetition of initial consonant sounds. Writers use alliteration to give emphasis to words, to imitate sounds, and to create musical effects Copy the underlined section

Alliteration Read line 3: “ When the wind stirs soft through the springing grass” Discuss how the “w” sound and “s” sound work in this line. Discuss the alliteration of line 3. Allow for any other examples of alliteration to be discussed.

Symbol/Symbolism Anything that stands for or represents something else. An object that serves as a symbol has its own meaning, but it also represents abstract ideas. Writers sometimes use conventional symbols in their work, but they may also create symbols of their own through emphasis or repetition. Copy the underlined section

Symbol/Symbolism For what abstract idea does the cage represent in the poem? Consider the following line: “I know why the caged bird beats his wing Till its blood is red on the cruel bars” The cage in the poem represents the idea of slavery.

Sustaining a comparison for several lines or for an entire poem Extended Metaphor Sustaining a comparison for several lines or for an entire poem Copy the underlined section

What is the extended metaphor in the poem? Who is continually compared to a “caged bird” throughout the poem? The extended metaphor is the comparison between a caged bird and slaves.

Simile A figure of speech in which like or as is used to make a comparison between two basically unlike ideas. Copy the underlined section

Read the following line: “And the river flows like a stream of glass” Simile Read the following line: “And the river flows like a stream of glass” What two ideas are being compared? Why? Within this quote, the comparison is “river” and “stream of glass.”

Read “Caged Bird” (293-294) Author: Maya Angelou What is known about the author? Where can you find this information?

Reading Directions: Read “Caged Bird” quietly. After you read, indicate the following through citations: Rhyme Scheme Assonance Consonance Alliteration Symbol/Symbolism Extended Metaphor Simile