European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 The human right to adequate housing in the 27 Member States of the European Union – A discourse analysis Insert your logo here Michael Kolocek, TU Dortmund, Germany

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 FLOOR A: Social Rights – Towards a Global Human Right to a Civic Minimum (Ulrike Davy, law, Bielefeld) FLOOR B: Social Cash Transfers – The Global Construction and Diffusion of the Right to a Monetary Minimum ( Lutz Leisering, sociology, Bielefeld) FLOOR C: Socio-ecological Land Policy (Benjamin Davy, law, spatial planning, Dortmund) Research project

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 FLOOR A: Social Rights – Towards a Global Human Right to a Civic Minimum (Ulrike Davy, law, Bielefeld) FLOOR B: Social Cash Transfers – The Global Construction and Diffusion of the Right to a Monetary Minimum ( Lutz Leisering, sociology, Bielefeld) FLOOR C: Socio-ecological Land Policy (Benjamin Davy, law, spatial planning, Dortmund) Research project

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Land Policy and the Global Social Floor to Housing PhD research

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Human Right to Housing Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Human Right to Housing Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 160 Member States including the 27 EU Member States Housing is part of the right to an adequate standard of living (Article 11, ICESCR) Reporting system Each Member State has to submit a report every five years to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 470 States Parties reports as research data for a global discourse analysis 141 States Parties reports from the 27 EU Member States

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Research questions How do the 27 EU Member States respond to the right to adequate housing in their ICESCR States Parties reports? What are the mentioned causes of and measures to respond to homelessness? Which players are, from the perspective of the 27 EU Member States, responsible to respond to homelessness? What are the main differences by responding to inadequate housing of the 27 EU ICESCR Member States to Latin American and African ICESCR Member States?

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Inadequate Housing Homelessness SPIH Informal, illegal, irregular Settlements The social floor to housing Slums Squatters Emergency Shelters »Inadequate Shelter« SPaces of Inadequate Housing

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Research questions How do the 27 EU Member States respond to the right to adequate housing in their ICESCR States Parties reports? What are the mentioned causes of and measures to respond to homelessness? Which players are, from the perspective of the 27 EU Member States, responsible to respond to homelessness? What are the main differences by responding to inadequate housing of the 27 EU ICESCR Member States to Latin American and African ICESCR Member States?

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Research questions How do the 27 EU Member States respond to the right to adequate housing in their ICESCR States Parties reports? What are the mentioned causes of and measures to respond to homelessness? Which players are, from the perspective of the 27 EU Member States, responsible to respond to homelessness? What are the main differences by responding to inadequate housing of the 27 EU ICESCR Member States to Latin American and African ICESCR Member States?

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Mentioned causes of homelessness Individual Causes Financial problems, economic debts, drug or alcohol abuse, health problems, psycho-sociological elements Structural Causes Situation on housing market, housing crisis, expensive costs of living, unemployment Family and relationship breakdown Domestic violence, separation, divorce, family breakdowns, eviction from home Other Causes Turkish invasion in Cyprus, environmental disasters, accidents (fire)

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Mentioned measures to respond to homelessness Social support Integration into society, health care programmes, nutrition programmes, drug rehabilitation Spatial measures Small homes programmes, night shelters, temporary shelters, renovation, repair and improvement, reconstruction Financial measures Assistance with living costs, credits, donations, housing subsidies, low cost housing Other measures Field studies, research, street magazines Prevention Often not specified and combined with one or more of the four categories above

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Research questions How do the 27 EU Member States respond to the right to adequate housing in their ICESCR States Parties reports? What are the mentioned causes of and measures to respond to homelessness? Which players are, from the perspective of the 27 EU Member States, responsible to respond to homelessness? What are the main differences by responding to inadequate housing of the 27 EU ICESCR Member States to Latin American and African ICESCR Member States?

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Many players respond to homelessness the government–non governmental organizations–private building sector–society–ministry of education and culture–friends or relatives–burgomasters–the bank–families–Maltese Charity Services–authorities–the church–non profit associations– municipalities–European Union–media–Medicines du Monde– autonomous communities–private building industries–soup kitchens–ministry of labour and social affairs–private owners–the Länder–business associations–experts–religious institutions–self help (homeless people)–national housing institute–local authorities– development land cooperation–charitable associations–working groups–welfare organizations–the parliamentary ombudsman–real estate management–youth institute–mobile medical service–national council for statistical information–different complex players

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Governmental NGO+ Market Others the government–non governmental organizations–private building sector–society–ministry of education and culture–friends or relatives–burgomasters–the bank–families–Maltese Charity Services–authorities–the church–non profit associations– municipalities–European Union–media–Medicines du Monde– autonomous communities–private building industries–soup kitchens–ministry of labour and social affairs–private owners–the Länder–business associations–experts–religious institutions–self help (homeless people)–national housing institute–local authorities– development land cooperation–charitable associations–working groups–welfare organizations–the parliamentary ombudsman–real estate management–youth institute–mobile medical service–national council for statistical information–different complex players

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Governmental NGO+ Market Others the government–non governmental organizations–private building sector–society–ministry of education and culture–friends or relatives–burgomasters–the bank–families–Maltese Charity Services–authorities–the church–non profit associations– municipalities–European Union–media–Medicines du Monde– autonomous communities–private building industries–soup kitchens–ministry of labour and social affairs–private owners–the Länder–business associations–experts–religious institutions–self help (homeless people)–national housing institute–local authorities– development land cooperation–charitable associations–working groups–welfare organizations–the parliamentary ombudsman–real estate management–youth institute–mobile medical service–national council for statistical information–different complex players

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Governmental NGO+ Market Others the government–non governmental organizations–private building sector–society–ministry of education and culture–friends or relatives–burgomasters–the bank–families–Maltese Charity Services–authorities–the church–non profit associations– municipalities–European Union–media–Medicines du Monde– autonomous communities–private building industries–soup kitchens–ministry of labour and social affairs–private owners–the Länder–business associations–experts–religious institutions–self help (homeless people)–national housing institute–local authorities– development land cooperation–charitable associations–working groups–welfare organizations–the parliamentary ombudsman–real estate management–youth institute–mobile medical service–national council for statistical information–different complex players

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Governmental NGO+ Market Other the government–non governmental organizations–private building sector–society–ministry of education and culture–friends or relatives–burgomasters–the bank–families–Maltese Charity Services–authorities–the church–non profit associations– municipalities–European Union–media–Medicines du Monde– autonomous communities–private building industries–soup kitchens–ministry of labour and social affairs–private owners–the Länder–business associations–experts–religious institutions–self help (homeless people)–national housing institute–local authorities– development land cooperation–charitable associations–working groups–welfare organizations–the parliamentary ombudsman–real estate management–youth institute–mobile medical service–national council for statistical information–different complex players

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 the government–non governmental organizations–private building sector–society–ministry of education and culture–friends or relatives–burgomasters–the bank–families–Maltese Charity Services–authorities–the church–non profit associations– municipalities–European Union–media–Medicines du Monde– autonomous communities–private building industries–soup kitchens–ministry of labour and social affairs–private owners–the Länder–business associations–experts–religious institutions–self help (homeless people)–national housing institute–local authorities– development land cooperation–charitable associations–working groups–welfare organizations–the parliamentary ombudsman–real estate management–youth institute–mobile medical service–national council for statistical information Players responding to homelessness N = 421 Quotations in 141 ICESCR States Parties reports Governmental NGO+ Market Others

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Research questions How do the 27 EU Member States respond to the right to adequate housing in their ICESCR States Parties reports? What are the mentioned causes of and measures to respond to homelessness? Which players are, from the perspective of the 27 EU Member States, responsible to respond to homelessness? What are the main differences by responding to inadequate housing of the 27 EU ICESCR Member States to Latin American and African ICESCR Member States?

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Differences of EU Member States to Latin American and African ICESCR Member States More attention to homelessness than to SPIH Other forms of SPIH Boundaries between SPIH and homelessness blur Less attention to street children Greater focus on spatial measures and statistical information Global players do not play a very important role by responding to inadequate housing

European Research Conference Access to Housing for Homeless People in Europe York, 21st September 2012 Thank you for your attention! Michael Kolocek, TU Dortmund, Germany