IES Recommendations Explicit vocabulary instruction Direct, explicit comprehension strategy instruction Discussion of text meaning & interpretation Increase student motivation & engagement in literacy learning Qualified specialists for intensive, individualized interventions

COI Recommendations Explicit instruction and practice to use comprehension strategies Increase the amount and quality of open, sustained discussion of content Set high standards for text, conversation, questions, and vocabulary Increase students’ motivation and engagement with reading Teach essential content knowledge and critical concepts

Identify Challenges and Solutions Reading in the Disciplines: The Challenges of Adolescent Literacy Response to Intervention: The Future for Secondary Schools Part I & II Meeting the Needs of Significantly Struggling Learners in HS: A Look at Approaches to Tiered Intervention Reading Next: A Vision for Action and Research in MS and HS Literacy The Secondary Literacy Instruction and Intervention Guide

Brief Look - Textbooks/Reading History Mathematics Science

History/Social Studies Social Study textbooks often Do not use relational words between clauses, sentences and paragraphs that would make explicit the logical relationships among ideas. Students must infer unstated relationships Not sufficient detail to understand of concept.

Example of better text

Social Studies Needs They will continue to struggle until Prior knowledge is fostered Attention to vocabulary Comprehension monitors and processes (this would be graphing as an intervention)

Implications - Brief Reason about/for political issues (understanding/feelings about - adolescents - Primary sources of information used to construct representations of events and issues were from movies

Math - Text - Expectations Understand and apply word problems Understand and apply graphic illustrations Ability to understand how book is structured and thus to use To use the text to become independent learners in respect to mathematics Comprehend and apply data

Math - Text - Expectations Need to offer information within real world context Need explicit and repeated instruction on specific language and form of mathematics is

Science Science reports and their complexity Science texts requires math literacy (tables, charts) Vocabulary and syntax Categories and taxonomies represent conceptual relationships

Science Biology

The Fifteen Elements of Effective Adolescent Literacy Programs The Recommendations The Fifteen Elements of Effective Adolescent Literacy Programs

Fifteen Elements Direct, explicit comprehension Effective instructional principles embedded in content Motivation and self-directed learning Text-based collaborative learning Strategic tutoring Diverse texts

Fifteen Elements Intensive writing A technology component Ongoing formative assessment Extended time for literacy Professional development that is both long term and ongoing Ongoing summative assessment of student progress