Nouns Chapter 1

Today You Will Learn What the different noun cases are. Why case is important. The dictionary form of nouns. Finding the base of nouns. The case endings for nouns. How to decline a noun.

What is a noun? A noun is a: Person (daughter, sister, friend, teacher, Ms. Littler, Kim) Place (school, home, store, library, lake, Disneyland) Thing (book, desk, pencil, bed, computer) Idea (love, sleep, excitement, humor, fun)

Noun cases Nouns are used in many different ways in sentences. The different ways they are used are called “cases.” Latin has six different cases. Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Vocative

Why is Case Important? Man Shark Shore Surfboard Bite Ride Write a single sentence using all of these words. How much sense does your sentence make? Is it different than others’ sentences?

THESE HAVE DIFFERENT MEANINGS!!! Why is Case Important? In English, word order (sentence structure) influences the meaning of a sentence. If you change the word order, you can potentially change the meaning. The Surfboard was biting the shark which was riding on the man near the shore. The Shark was biting the man who was riding on the surfboard near the shore. THESE HAVE DIFFERENT MEANINGS!!!

Why is Case Important? THESE MEAN THE SAME THING!!! In Latin, word order (sentence structure) doesn’t matter, because every word has its own case. If you change the word order, but keep each noun in its same case, the meaning of the sentence won’t change. Puer navem ad viam in Asiā navigat. Navigat navem in Asiā puer ad viam. Ad viam puer in Asiā navem navigat. THESE MEAN THE SAME THING!!!

Nominative The subject of a sentence (the noun that does the action). Examples: Ms. Littler is a teacher. My mom cooks good food. Books are fun to read. Utah is really cold in the winter.

Genitive Shows possession (that something belongs to it). EXAMPLES: My cat’s fur is soft. Ms. Littler’s classroom is warm. I like to drive my brother’s car.

dative Indirect Object (the noun that is receiving something). EXAMPLES: I gave a book to my friend. Mrs. Stiles gives candy to me. My mom cooks for me. My cat likes when I give treats to her.

Accusative Direct Object (the noun that the action is done to). EXAMPLE: I use my computer a lot. My friend sends cards to me sometimes. I love to read books. I love Doctor Who.

Ablative Object of a preposition (shows relationships). EXAMPLES: I take walks at night with my mom. I sleep on my bed, because it is comfy. My best friend lives far away from me. I live next to a grocery store.

Vocative Direct address (when you speak directly to someone or something). EXAMPLES: Ladies and gentlemen, I love having you in my class. Oh homework, why must you take so much time?! Hello, old friend! Hey, Ms. Littler, can I ask you a question?

All six noun cases Nominative Subject The/A _____ Genitive Possession of _____ or _____’s Dative Indirect Object to/for _____ Accusative Direct Object the/a _____ Ablative Object of a Preposition by/with/from _____ Vocative Direct Address Oh _____!

Dictionary Form of nouns 1st Principal Part: Nominative, Singular [1st Declension -a ending] Agricola, Agricolae, M Fēmina, Fēminae, F Patria, Patriae, F 2nd Principal Part: Genitive Singular [1st Declension -ae ending] Gender (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter) [1st Declension, mostly fem]

Find the base Step 1: Look at the 2nd Principal Part. Step 2: Take off the Genitive Singular Ending. EXAMPLE: Agricola, Agricolae, M  Agricol- Fēmina, Fēminae, F  Fēmin- Patria, Patriae, F  Patri-

Add the endings Each of the six cases have their own endings that you attach to the base. Case Singular Plural Nominative -a -ae Genitive -ārum Dative -īs Accusative -am -ās Ablative -ā Vocative

Practice Find the Base: Add the Endings (Accusative Singular): Agricola, Agricolae, M  Agricol- Fēmina, Fēminae, F  Fēmin- Patria, Patriae, F  Patri- Add the Endings (Accusative Singular): Agricol- + -am = Agricolam Fēmin- + -am = Fēminam Patri- + -am = Patriam

Decline (put into all cases) Practice declining the following nouns into all 6 cases (singular and plural): Prōvincia, Prōvinciae, f Puella, Puellae, f Silva, Silvae, f Agricola, Agricolae, m

Example: Prōvincia, Prōvinciae, F FORM - SINGULAR TRANSLATION - SINGULAR NOMINATIVE prōvincia The/A province GENITIVE prōvinciae of the province DATIVE to/for the province ACCUSATIVE prōvinciam the/a province ABLATIVE prōvinciā by/with/from the province VOCATIVE Oh province! FORM - PLURAL TRANSLATION - PLURAL The provinces prōvinciārum of the provinces prōvinciīs to/for the provinces prōvinciās the provinces by/with/from the provinces Oh provinces!

Practice: Puella, Puellae, f FORM - SINGULAR TRANSLATION - SINGULAR NOMINATIVE GENITIVE DATIVE ACCUSATIVE ABLATIVE VOCATIVE FORM - PLURAL TRANSLATION - PLURAL

Practice: Silva, Silvae, F FORM - SINGULAR TRANSLATION - SINGULAR NOMINATIVE GENITIVE DATIVE ACCUSATIVE ABLATIVE VOCATIVE FORM - PLURAL TRANSLATION - PLURAL

Practice: Agricola, Agricolae, M FORM - SINGULAR TRANSLATION - SINGULAR NOMINATIVE GENITIVE DATIVE ACCUSATIVE ABLATIVE VOCATIVE FORM - PLURAL TRANSLATION - PLURAL