Comments on Selected Research Problems Cultural Tourism: the Challenge of European Integration, Luxembourg, April 19-20, 2005 ROUND TABLE SESSION: Research and Management Tools Comments on Selected Research Problems of Tourism Impacts on Cultural Heritage EC 6 FP PICTURE Project (Pro-active management of the Impact of Cultural Tourism upon Urban Resources and Economies) Miloš & Tomáš Drdácký Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic PICTURE Project

Challenge for joint European research: Problem of impacts related to Cultural Tourism: the Chalenge of European Integration, Luxembourg, April 19-20, 2005 Challenge for joint European research: Problem of impacts related to real number of visitors Problem of availability of reliable and up-to-date data PICTURE Project

Environmental and material facts Functional changes Cultural Tourism: the Challenge of European Integration, Luxembourg, April 19-20, 2005 What we can measure? Environmental and material facts Functional changes How we can acquire data? By means of field and literature research Data are scientific and reliable, mostly limited and sometimes hardly ready to be generalized

Assessment of architectural heritage deterioration impact: Cultural Tourism: the Challenge of European Integration, Luxembourg, April 19-20, 2005 Assessment of architectural heritage deterioration impact: damage quantification possible direct relation to number of visitors mostly available typical example (source H.Lloyd et al. “Economics of Dust”, EC Conference, London, 2004)

Assessment of urban infrastructure change impact: Cultural Tourism: the Challenge of European Integration, Luxembourg, April 19-20, 2005 Assessment of urban infrastructure change impact: monitoring of change possible direct relation to number of visitors questionable

Assessment of urban infrastructure change impact: Cultural Tourism: the Challenge of European Integration, Luxembourg, April 19-20, 2005 Assessment of urban infrastructure change impact: Town Square in Telč - changes in infrastructure and use of units, socio-economic problems 2002 HOUSING 1950 SHOPS & SERVICES FOR CITIZENS FACILITIES FOR TOURISTS (ACCOMMODATION) PUBLIC FACILITIES MIXED FUNCTION

What statistics in the field of cultural tourism is available? Cultural Tourism: the Challenge of European Integration, Luxembourg, April 19-20, 2005 What statistics in the field of cultural tourism is available? Total number of travellers Total income in % of GNP Case studies and national level data, e.g. “satelite” account. Aggregated data difficult to interpret. Many times with “noise”, wrong or not clearly defined. Data from case studies more relevant.

Is this information really concerned CH tourism? Cultural Tourism: the Challenge of European Integration, Luxembourg, April 19-20, 2005 Examples: Recently published book “Tourism and transition” (ed.D.Hall) – income from tourism in the CZ 0.1% GNP, reality 4.5% - 5.5%. Is this information really concerned CH tourism? (source T.Nypan, London 2004)

Case studies reliable source of data. Other sources very uneven … Cultural Tourism: the Challenge of European Integration, Luxembourg, April 19-20, 2005 How cultural tourism really supports safeguarding of cultural heritage ? Case studies reliable source of data. Other sources very uneven … How reliable is prediction of development of tourism? Few examples …. Development dependent on geographical situation, society, political system, local management….

Cultural Tourism: the Challenge of European Integration, Luxembourg, April 19-20, 2005 Trend in development of number of visitors and annual income in Li-Jiang City, China (since 1997 UNESCO WHC)

Cultural Tourism: the Challenge of European Integration, Luxembourg, April 19-20, 2005 Trends in number of visitors at a small castle fortress in a forest – a goal of cycling tourist and operated by inventive management (Czech Republic) Development of number of number of visitors in the objects of the National Trust (UK)

Estimated number of tourists = 10% of total number of visitors Cultural Tourism: the Challenge of European Integration, Luxembourg, April 19-20, 2005 Trend in development of number of visitors in Czech Republic and in the Telč Castle (Telč since 1993 UNESCO WHC) Tendency quite different from the Lijiang or NT experience Estimated number of tourists = 10% of total number of visitors

Czech Republic 2001 – Income 5.5 % of GNP Benefits from tourism in historic sites Czech Republic 2001 – Income 5.5 % of GNP Telč Castle Cost/Income Claude Karnouh: „Economic exploitation of heritage serves other ends than the heritage…. Heritage economy can be only loss making activity“

reliable & up to date data on all levels TOURISM generates positive impacts employment (equal opportunities), economy experience, exchange of knowledge improved public awareness, minority inclusion negative impacts environmental and mechanical deteriorating aspects intentional damage, ignorance, negligence alterations for or due to tourism unexpected societal changes, city pollution appropriate impact assessment and management decision making need reliable & up to date data on all levels which cannot be supplied by research only